The Chain of Love and Cruelty in Brontes Wuthering Heights

Bronte, The author of the Wuthering Heights, expresses many themes and morals in her book. The one most important in the Wuthering Heights is the theme of love and cruelty. The main characters, Catherine and Heathcliff, show these actions time and time again. They occur because of the other, much like the yin and the yang. Love leads to cruelty and cruelty leads to love. In Wuthering Heights, there are two different types of love shown: platonic and passionate. Both of these types of love lead to cruelty to other characters. As Heathcliff states boldly within the first few chapters of the novel, love’s cruelty survives even beyond death. â€Å"Cathy, do come. Oh do – once more! Oh! My heart’s darling; hear me this time, Catherine, at last!†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦This leads to him running away from the heights entirely, leaving Catherine to marry Edgar. â€Å"He had listened till he heard Catherine say it would degrade her to marry him.† (81) . Upon his return (two years later), Heathcliff marries Isabella to get back at Catherine, and her speech about how marrying him would degrade her. Isabella is also taken against her and her family’s will. Heathcliff kidnaps her and locks her away at the heights. In a letter written to Nelly, Isabella confirms that it was truly against her will for her leaving, and that she cannot return in the time of crisis in her brother’s life. â€Å"†¦ an entreaty for kind remembrance and reconciliation, if her proceeding offended him: asserting that she could not help it then, and being done, no power to repeal it.† (140). In the act of kidnapping Isabella, Heathcliff’s intent is to hurt Catherine. Catherine would develop almost a jealous-like temper towards the whole situation, as Heathcliff knew it would. Even on Catherine’s deathbed, there is a constant push and pull (in almost a literal sense) of the cruelty that goes on between the two of them. Betw een the crying, the vexing, and the constant apologies, comes the brutal cruelty of the words Catherine speaks to Heathcliff. â€Å"I shall not pity you, not I. You have killed me – and thriven on it, I think.† (164) Only towards the end of the book does Catherine’s curse of cruelty really end. Cathy Linton-HeathcliffShow MoreRelatedLove In Wuthering Heights Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesThe story of Emily Brontà «s Wuthering Heights has been one of the most influential and powerful piece of literature ever written. After being published, it garnered a lot of interest because of the theme that was deemed misleading and critically unfit for society. The main theme of the book revolves around the evolution of love, passion and cruelty. During the first half of the book, Catherine showed different types of love for two different people. Her love for Heathcliff was her everythingRead MoreLove, Revenge, and Passion1179 Words   |  5 PagesEmily Bronte will forever be known for the infamous romance of Heathcliff and Catherine in Wuthering Heights. Not many couples can boast such a tumultuous and violent relationship, or of such passion and devotion. Catherine and Heathcliff share a bond that reaches deeper than a physical attraction. From their childhood until their deaths, their lives revolve around the other. Their preoccupation with each other does not represent the loving nature of most relationships; in fact, it often exhibitsRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1936 Words   |  8 PagesWuthering Heights, a novel by Emily Bronte is one of the most admired and favorable written works in English literature. When the novel was published in the year 1847, it sold very poorly and only received a minimum amou nt of reviews. Although the novel does not contain any sexual relations or bloodshed, it is considered to be inappropriate due to its portrayal of an unconstrained love and cruelty. Wuthering Heights is formed on the Gothic tradition in the late 18th century, which consists of supernaturalRead MoreEmily Bronte s Wuthering Heights1878 Words   |  8 PagesAt the center of Wuthering Heights lies a tragic vision of decay and detachment which depends completely on the severances Emily Bronte has created between characters, estates, and social statuses. Bronte reveals societal flaws that had never before been recognized during her time and creates a raw vision of Victorian life; one in which the differences between characters and their social standings outweigh their true beliefs and desires when it comes to who they choose to be, who they choose to surroundRead MoreSocial Class And Its Effect On Love : Wuthering Heights1980 Words   |  8 PagesAnna Seweryniak Mr. Rossi AP English III 2 March, 2015 A Fear of Heights Social Class and its Effect on Love: Wuthering Heights At the center of Wuthering Heights lies a tragic vision of decay and detachment which depends completely on the severances Emily Bronte has created between characters, estates, and social statuses. Bronte reveals societal flaws that had never before been recognized during her time and creates a raw vision of Victorian life; one in which the differences between charactersRead MoreThe Victorian Elements in Wuthering Heights by Emily BrontÃ'‘ Essay3662 Words   |  15 PagesThe Victorian elements in Wuthering Heights by Emily BrontÃ'‘ The Victorian Era, in which BrontÃ'‘ composed Wuthering Heights, receives its name from the reign of Queen Victoria of England. The era was a great age of the English novel, which was the ideal form to descibe contemporary life and to entertain the middle class. Emily, born in 1818, lived in a household in the countryside in Yorkshire, locates her fiction in the worlds she knows personally. In addition, she makes the novel even more personal

Law

Enterprise Risk Management - 4038 Words

Enterprise / Operational Risk Management IT Audit Manager City National Bank California State Polytechnic University, Pomona Enterprise risk management (ERM) is a relatively new discipline that focuses on identifying, analyzing, monitoring, and controlling all major risk classes (e.g., credit, market, liquidity, operational risk classes). Operational risk management (ORM) is a subset of ERM that focuses on identifying, analyzing, monitoring, and controlling operational risk. The purpose of this paper is to explain what enterprise risk management is and how operational risk management fits into the ERM framework. In our conclusion, we discuss what is likely to happen in the ERM / ORM environment over the next 5 years. Introduction As†¦show more content†¦Exhibit 1 2 Why Enterprise / Operational Risk Management? There are many reasons ERM / ORM functions are being established within corporations. following are a few of the reasons these functions are being established. Organizational Oversight Two groups have recently emphasized the importance of risk management at the organization’s highest levels. In October 1999, the National Association of Corporate Directors released its Report of the Blue Ribbon Commission on Audit Committees, which recommends that audit committees â€Å"define and use timely, focused information that is responsive to important performance measures and to the key risks they oversee.† The report states that the chair of the audit committee should develop an agenda that includes â€Å"a periodic review of risk by each significant business unit.† In January 2000, the Financial Executives Institute released the results of a survey on audit committee effectiveness. Respondents, primarily chief financial off icers and corporate controllers, ranked â€Å"key areas of business and financial risk† as most important for audit committee oversight. In light of events surrounding recent corporate scandals (e.g., Enron, etc.), and the increasing executive and regulatory focus on risk management, the percentage of companies with formal ERM methods is increasing and audit committees are becoming more involved in corporate oversight. The UK and Canada have set forth specific legalShow MoreRelatedEnterprise Risk Management1609 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract This paper discusses how a company can successfully implement the Enterprise Risk Management based on COSO guidelines. This paper discusses a step by step process of the implementation plan at Dell Inc, the responsibilities of the workforce and management, the risk mitigation approach and how to monitor the activities successfully. Enterprise Risk Management In the wake of all the financial scandals, a variety of laws and regulations have been passed which makes the board of directorsRead MoreRiordan Enterprise Risk Management Plan1294 Words   |  6 PagesGeorgia, Michigan, and China. Their products include beverage containers, plastic fan parts, and custom plastic parts. Riordan prides themselves on their industry leading research and development (University of Phoenix, 2009). The following Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) plan was developed for Riordan Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries. The goal of this plan is to help mitigate any legal liability on the part of Riordan by implementing the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway CommissionRead MoreA Research On Enterprise Risk Management Essay1909 Words   |  8 Pagespresident, Theodore Roosevelt, said, â€Å"Risk is like fire: If controlled it will help you; if uncontrolled it will rise up and destroy you.† This comparison of fire and risk remains true for political means but also the everyday operations of any company. A company is confronted with decisions demanding the assessment of risk every day. Enterprise risk management is a framework for handling the assessment of risk that companies may encounter. The enterprise risk management process is a formula for employeesRead MoreEnterprise Risk Management3381 Words   |  14 PagesEnterprise Risk Management In the 21st Century, the news of corporate scandals involving corruption enormously spread across not only the country but across the globe also. Accounting firms, investors, lenders, corporate managers and innocent bystanders were all embroiled in the chaos with the extent of corporate malfeasance being indeterminable. Collateral damage inflicted by scandals involving corporations such as Enron, Arthur Andersen LLP, WorldCom, Adelphia Communications, etc, was shockingRead MoreEnterprise Risk Management1504 Words   |  7 PagesEnterprise Risk Management The Non-Linear Pro salesman told the manager of Quick Takes Video that the editing system leased would allow the employees to edit material twice as fast after only a day and a half of set up and training. After all employees received the one-day training course, completed the video tutorial, and read the manual, problems with the equipment stopped production of a Quick Takes Video project. During an attempt to insert a CD, an employee cut her finger on a sharp edgeRead MoreAnalyzing Risk With Enterprise Risk Management1114 Words   |  5 Pages Analyzing Risk with Enterprise Risk Management Paper Flora Azinge University of Phoenix Risk Management DHA/712 Dr. Mary Jo Brinkman June 29, 2015 MEDICATION ERROR INCIDENT REPORT DESCRIPTION OF THE INCIDENT: Nurse was passing medication at a particular room in a given hospital in the state of California. There were about four patients in the room as was approved by the regulation. Nurse mistakenlyRead MoreEnterprise Risk Management ( Erm )1531 Words   |  7 Pagesabout the Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). How much risk can be taken so that gain can be increase as risk is directly associated with gain Answer 1: Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) has great potential to provide organizations with new competitive advantages. Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is designed and disciplined approach to deal with strategy, processes, people, technology and knowledge by the motive of evaluation of management of uncertainties which are faced by the enterprises and generatesRead MoreEnterprise Risk Management ( Erm )1741 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction âž ¢ What is Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)? Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the activities of an organization in order to minimize the effect of risk on an organizations capital and earnings. ERM expands the process to include not just risks associated with accidental losses, but also financial, strategic, operational, and other risks. âž ¢ Benefits of Enterprise Risk Management In Finance †¢ Financial IncentivesRead MoreEnterprise Risk Management ( Erm )1166 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) In light of the fraud scandals that took place in 2001 and 2002 companies all over the world have been introduced to a new system to help incorporate corporate governance, risk management, and the requirements made by the SOX. That new system is known as Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). The ERM system has been suggested to be the new system to help companies predict risk and help achieve their overall objectives (Arena, Arnaboldi, Azzone, 2011)Read MoreThe Ethics Of Enterprise Risk Management818 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Enterprise risk management views all risks to the firm as subject to management and control† (Fraser Simkins, 2010, p. 351). As we have learned, Enterprise Risk Management has three primary principles, which are: ensure organizational survival, provide social responsibility, and increase the organization’s value, while engaging employees in performance and maintaining their well-being (Bethel, 2016). In its simplest terms, legal risk equates to financial loss (Smith, 2008). In researching

The Winter Of The West Coast - 778 Words

Water West: I was raised on the west coast, so for me, west was literally the direction of water, because that was the direction we headed when we wanted to see the ocean. Even now, it makes sense to me to connect west with water. The strongest storms come from the west through Oklahoma. Rain always seems to come from the west. West is also the direction of the setting sun, and when at the ocean on the west coast, at sunset, the sun looks like it is sinking into the water. Fall: Autumn is the time of year when the temperature starts to cool. Water doesn’t always have to be cool, but many ancients thought of water as a cool element. Most lakes, rivers, and oceans are very cold in their natural states. Autumn is also the time of the year when plants begin to turn inward and prepare for winter. Water is the element associated with the subconscious, so it makes sense to associate fall with water. Dusk: Dusk, the moment of twilight, is when the sun sinks into the water on the west coast, so it makes sense to associate it with this element. Also, in the evening, many people come home and rest from the day. It is the time to relax and be ourselves, to turn inward. In essence, at dusk people do the same things plants do in autumn, and because water is associated with the subconscious mind, this connection makes sense. Emotion: Water is associated with emotions because it is associated with our subconscious minds. When a person dives into the water they go down deepShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Climate And Mixed And Coniferous Forests856 Words   |  4 Pages The North America has a rather unique geography in that on either side of the continent there are major mountain ranges with a large ocean gulf. This results in wind flow being disrupted along the western coast causing heavy rain falls along the coastal areas fairly arid plains to the west of the rocky mountains. However due to the gulf of Mexico and wind flow from this body of water, moisture is able to travel northward and interact with the drier air in the plains, this causes intense thunderstormsRead MoreLow Pressure Systems Research Paper1406 Words   |  6 Pagessystem initiates over central United States while the other was developing just off the Texas coast, with a massive amount of moisture, from a subtropical jet stream that moved int o the Gulf of Mexico. By February 7th, the polar low-pressure system was already producing moderate snow over Ohio Valley and the subtropical low-pressure system was causing heavy rain and thunderstorms along the United States Gulf Coast. Both the Central system, and Gulf of Mexico system were reinforced by the same shortwaveRead MoreEssay on Juice Guys Case Study Analysis1200 Words   |  5 Pagesover the West Coast. Within three-and-a-half months, Juice Guys had sold a total of 175,000 items ranging from smoothies, yogurts, sorbets, Nantucket Nectar drinks and fresh squeezed juices. Juice Guys’ revenue went up to 91% and they made a profit of $227,000 in sales. Noticing the tremendous success within the industry in such a short time, Nantucket Nectar and Juice Guys decided to expand this new juice retail concept into the East Coast. Their primary focus within the East Coast was expansionRead MoreNegative Effects Of Rain In America784 Words   |  4 Pagesto having such long, cold and prolonged Winters (NOAA, 2017). However, an opposing effect is with the insufficiency of moisture and snow, droughts begin to take place and the ski industry lacks in business. The mid-west of the United States is not effected by El Nià ±o as much as the other portions of North America are. Generally speaking, there are usually above-average temperatures in the Northern Plains and Upper Mid-West leading to a milder Fall and Winter. This also reduces heating/energy billsRead MoreBlizzard Research Paper1674 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction According to Richard Wild, the first use of the word ‘blizzard’, to define a set of weather conditions, was used in 1860 to describe a mid-west weather event in which â€Å"warm and balmy† condition suddenly took a turn for the cold. The result: freezing temperatures, heavy snowfall and massive drifts of snow (1996, web). A blizzard is the most severe of all types of snowfall. Its effects exceed those of heavy snow warnings, flurries, blowing and drifting snow and traveler’s warningsRead MoreWalnut Case Study1585 Words   |  7 Pagesattack since the fungus is ultimately what causes tree mortality so I will focus my experiment on fungal resistance. To test my hypothesis, I will first rate each species resistance to TCD at the USDA ARS NCGR at Wolfskill Experimental Orchards in Winters, CA. TCD has been confirmed at this site and each species has been grown under similar conditions. For each tree that genetic material is gathered from, I would rate the response to TCD in the area on a scale of 1 to 5; 1 being no sign of TCD andRead MoreThe Colonization Of The 1800s1705 Words   |  7 PagesFrench and Spanish mostly explored, but each nation was looking for gold and silver, land, resources, and dominance in what was dubbed the â€Å"New World† by the Europeans. Sir Walter Raleigh attempted to start the first colonies on the American East Coast starting in 1585. The colonies would only last for a short time until everyone went back to England, disappointed, with no gold or silver. In 1587, Raleigh sailed to America again and settled a colony at Roanoke, Virginia. Supply ships never came untilRead MoreA Common Understanding Of Weather Menace1182 Words   |  5 Pagesinevitable circumstances may cause a thicker layer. Radiation fog occurs at night when temperature is the coolest and most commonly dissipates quickly after sunrise; although in low elevation areas or in winter months, fog may continue throughout the day. Radiation fog is common in the late fall and early winter dependent on location. Other names or designations of radiation fog include tule fog or ground fog. Like Radiation, Advection fog is the other form of fog that is most common in California. AdvectionRead MoreVolcanoes And Climate Change Today1660 Words   |  7 Pagesare ranked as the most livable cities in Australia. Among the ranks was Sydney, which was number 7 on the chart. In the article suggest that the climate would be appealing to many. During the summer the weather is hot but not too hot and during the winter the weather is cool but not too cold. However, from time to time during the summer the high temperatures has reac hed around 113, but this is rare. The only fact that many believe makes Sydney not as appealing is that it is   too wet of a place. TheRead MoreKentucky And West Palm Beach911 Words   |  4 PagesFor many people, choosing a place to call home is a difficult decision. People have their own wish lists and dreams of the perfect place to settle down. Louisville, Kentucky and West Palm Beach, Florida have many similarities and differences in cost of living, job opportunities and overall livability. Louisville is considered to be the largest city in Kentucky, a place known for quiet subdivisions, and farms galore. One thing to consider when choosing a place to live is the cost of living. In Louisville

Effective Training and Assessment Plan-Free-Samples for Student

Question: Discuss about the Effective Training and Assessment Plan. Answer: Introduction Australia has a large number of migrants from across the world, each one coming with their own culture, customers, and language. Many come from countries where English is not used as the first language resulting in a serious communication gap. Despite being highly qualified and having the best skills, knowledge, and experience, communication is the key to smooth operations and maintaining of high safety(Harrington Lewis, 2013, p.146). This makes it a priority for every organization to perform Training and Assessments of their employees and team members and partners to determine their English communication skills. This would ensure all employees have a clear understanding of basic visual and verbal English commands which ensures all employees are communicating in a common and understandable communication(Hill et al., 2013). The language training and assessment time frame cannot be accurately plotted due to each individual having a different learning capability towards new language th us the training programs require to be flexible and based on the individuals learning capability and their job role. This report shall explore on the development of visual and verbal communication training and assessment plans to be utilized for civil engineering construction site so as to avoid communication gaps which could cause serious accident leading to injury and even death. Determine Assessment Approach The first Step linked to developing an effective Training and Assessment plan it related to determining the candidates who may require training. This is categorized on the basis of their command over visual and verbal communication, culture and background(Shipley McAfee, 2015). Its also important to identify the purpose and context of undertaking the training and the target audience who the training and assessment shall focus on. The following criteria and areas must be discussed while developing a training and assessment plan. Identify Candidates and Confirm Purpose and Context of the Assessment To develop an effective training and assessment plan one must first be able to evaluate the team and identify candidates who may require training as well as determine the purpose and context of the training and assessment. Communications Skills Communication should not be limited to language and should include groups of individuals who may lack effective communication skills despite being good at English. Certain individuals lack a load voice and may have nature whereby they prefer never to shout thus it's critical to ensure candidates are selected based on both their communications skill rather their command over a specific language. Purpose and Context It is also vital to determine the purpose of the communication training and assessment. It is vital to identify the purpose for training and assessing certain individuals on communications skills and how those skills expect to be implemented. The communication skill will require to clearly defining the individual's role and how they are expected to communicate with their team mates using a universal communications language (visuals and verbal). The purpose of establishing a common communication platform is to improve efficiency and reduce instances of miscommunication which could result in serious accidents, injury and even death. Its also important to identify the context or setting an individual will be working in so as to determine the most effective mode of communication. Review Legal, Organisational and Ethical Requirements The training and assessment programs must also be aligned to the legal, organizational and Ethical standards and guidelines. This makes it important for the human resource manager to review the Legal, Organisational and Ethical factors before developing any plan. Its important to understand that staff will come from different cultural backgrounds. The policy would require for consideration and development of a universal training and assessment plan which upholds government laws, adheres to organizations terms and conditions and recognizes cultural and ethical values. Identify and Assess Benchmarks and Guidelines for the Assessment Setting Benchmarks plays an important role towards the development of an effective training and assessment plan. The HR and QA managers must be able to determine training and assessment benchmarks which the trainees must achieve to pass. It also important to develop a plan related to re-training and re-assessment of candidates who may not achieve the target marks. Action on candidates who do not meet this mark must also be clearly defined to help encourage participant focus towards the training and assessment program Prepare an Assessment Plan The Second step of developing an affecting training and assessment plan involved the preparation of the actual assessment plan. This is once again broken into sub-sections which help concentrate and focus the informations and criteria to determine the best approach to develop an assessment plan(Freeman et al., 2016). The assessment must first be done at an individual level after which the assessment can be categorized in groups clubbing multiple individuals to the same group and delivering prescribed training programs to the group as a whole rather than individual. Determine Evidence to Determine Competence Competency evolution requires being done at the individual level as this helps determine individual staff members skills and communications levels. This assessment also helps identify their interests and other cover values which allow for the HR and QA managers to categorize the employees based on their competency levels into groups. Plans would then be developed to train each group regarding communications skills which would later be focused towards specific communications needs thus further enhancing communication. Select an Assessment Method That Supports the Collection of Defined Evidence Assessment plans must be developed based on defined Evidence thus its critical to collect specific information related to the need for the training and assessment before the training programs are developed. This complies with individuals who require training and assessments for specific needs or qualities which will require defined evidence to determine appropriate plan development. Evidence would determine the need for the special training based on documented evidence of the requirement at the workplace Document all Aspects of the Assessment Plan and Confirm the Relevant Personal performing the Assessment Each step of the assessments must be clearly documented and individuals participating in the assessments mentioned. This would act as a database which the Trainer and assessor can return to at a later stage to determine and evaluate their performance. It also helps identify recurring issues during the training and assessment process which can help the HR and QA develop alternative assessments plans to improve training and assessment. The data also allows for the management to monitor and evaluate an individual or teams progress thus helping plot their development and training needs. Develop Assessment Instrument On competition of training, it becomes critical to assess the trainees to determine how much knowledge they have grasped from the process. This is very important as it also helps determine individual employees perceptions towards the training sessions and the process. Some individuals will take the training sessions and process very seriously while others dont and the assessment evolutions help determine individual and groups perceptions and performance for further training sessions to be developed(Oakland Hambleton, 2012, p.80). To help improve the assessment criteria and results in the following approaches much be considered. Develop Simple Assessment Instructions to Meet Target Group Needs Assessment instructions must be kept simple and clear so as to gain all trainees understanding. Once again its important to reiterate the training and assessment are delivered and done on employees who come from a diverse cultural background. Each may have different levels of perception and level of understanding. The Instructions require being delivered in common language preferably English unless all participants agree on another language. Instructions points must also be short and very clear with the objective of allowing each individual to understand, complete and pass the assessment. Analysis available assessment instructions for their suitability for use and modify as required Assessment instructions should also be analysed and evaluated to ensure universal understanding. Only the assessment Instructions can be shared among the staff of team to determine their level of understanding and feedback taken which can be used to modify areas which may be complex. A universal set of instructions should then be related and used in all future assessments. Map Assessment against Unit/ Course Requirements It is also important to map the correlations and cohesion of the assessment and the course or unit to ensure the assessment meets the units criteria. Its important that the questions provided on the assessments fall within the unit or curriculum and require to be evenly distributed so as to give every individual an equal chance of passing the assessment. Questions must, therefore, be evenly distributed between Easy, average and complex but should all be from being covered in the unit or curriculum. Draft Assessment Instructions to Validate, Applicability and Record Outcomes The assessment also requires a recognized and valid answer key and instructions related to the assessments evolutions and validations. This involves the individuals who would be responsible for the evolution and the criteria which they would be following while evaluating the assessment s. Factors such as negative marking, assessment calculations, and resists should be clearly mentioned. It is also important to clearly mention the evolutions applicability to avoid misuse or accidental training and assessment of the wrong candidates leading to low turnout of low marks. Assessment evaluations results must also be properly recorded and one individual would require taking ownership of this responsibility to avoid loss of the evolutions records which could lead to further complications. Conclusion The HR and QA departments and managers are responsible for coordinating to evaluating and training an organizations staff so as to secure a uniform level of communication and understanding. This is very important in countries with a diverse cultural background due to the skilled professional having a communication gap. This can result in increasing the number of accidents, injury, and death which is a major concern among businesses and industry. This makes assessment and training of basic universal communication skills a basic requirement for every business which has skilled professionals from a diverse cultural background. Bibliography Freeman, R Roge, L., 2016. Planning and Implementing Assessment. Oxon: Routledge. Harrington, H.J. Lewis, R., 2013. Closing the Communication Gap: An Effective Method for Achieving Desired Results. Buca Roton: CRC Press. Hill, T., Hill, D. Perlitz, L., 2013. Professional Training and Assessment. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Oakland, T. Hambleton, R., 2012. International Perspectives on Academic Assessment. Springer Science Business Media. Shipley, K. McAfee, J.G., 2015. Assessment in Speech-Language Pathology: A Resource Manual. Boston: Cengage Learning

Data Resource Management XYZ Organization

Question: Discuss about theData Resource Managementfor XYZ Organization. Answer: Organization Overview XYZ Organization is a private company that provides IT services and solutions to its clients and has established itself as a reputed firm on a global platform. It deals in various domains such as healthcare, finance, human resources and many others. The organization has over 5000 employees engaged with it in 15 locations that it has established in various parts of the world. With the market shares and market reputation that the organization has setup, the business is expanding at a rapid pace. Overview of the Business Issue There are multiple data resources and platforms that are present in the organization. These resources include data on-premise, data on cloud and many others. There are also varied databases that are present with the organization to handle and manage the data volumes. Due to the presence of huge volume and different variety of data along with various data resources, it becomes troublesome for the database administrator to look after all the properties of the data. There are issues such as security, ethical, technical and many others that result out of the same. Research Approach The approach that has been followed in the paper is the qualitative method of research. The approach used in this research method is inductive in nature that is the patterns and sequences are identified on the basis of data that is collected from a number of different sources. The bottom-up approach is used in coming to the theories and conclusions associated with the concept and issues of data resource management. There is no hypothesis or assumptions used during the research process in terms of the concept of data resource management or issues or countermeasures to the same. The data collection process that is used in the qualitative research method is done from a number of different sources such as journals, white papers, articles, guides and reports on the topic. The information and points that are covered in the research are based upon the data collected which has been used as a point of reference. Data collection is done in a number of different stages rather than collecting the same at once during the beginning of the research. The methodology therefore enabled better understanding of the research topic during the research process itself. Literature Review There are eight research papers and journals that have broadly been used for the research purpose and the inferences about the Data Resource Management (DRM) have been made on the basis of the findings gathered from the same. Data Resource Management (DRM) in XYZ Organization Data Resource Management popularly known as DRM is a concept and set of methods that includes the processes and procedures for the database administrator and management team to handle and manage various data resources that are present in the organization. In case of the XYZ organizations, there are various data resources that are present which are internal as well as external to the organization. There are external data resources such as clients, end users, partners, third party sources and likewise. There are various internal data resources as well such as human resources, on-premise data, historical data and likewise. Most of this internal and external data is stored on the cloud in a number of different data centres. There are also various repositories and warehouses that are present with the organization where the data is stored. Due to the presence of such huge amount of resources and various types of data and data storage units, there are various issues that come up in front of the database administrator for the management of the data. These issues are broadly categorized in security and ethical issues. Apart from these two categories, there are also a number of other issues as well (Gordon, 2016). Security Issues in DRM Data Tampering and Breaching There are a lot many instances in which the data is transmitted from one place to the other. Some of the common transitions include exchange of data between the internal employee and the client or between the employees in an internal environment. The storage locations of the data also change frequently in such cases and it becomes difficult for the manager to keep track of the entire data sets associated with the organization. Attackers gain advantage of such situations and tamper or breach the data during the transition phase. The structure and contents of the data get impacted by such an activity which has a huge impact on the confidentiality and integrity of the data (Abadi, 2016). Data Loss and Data Theft There are often cases of data loss which if done in smaller quantities go unnoticed or difficult to track by the administrator. Such scenarios are repeated by the attackers over and over again which becomes a severe cause of concern for the XYZ organization and its employees. Due to the presence of a number of entry points, attackers find it easy to gain access to one of the data bits and utilize the same to get unauthorized access to other data pieces as well. Controlling of such access is difficult particularly in the case of external access points which lead to loss or theft of data (Siegmund, 2016). Unauthorized Access to Rows, Columns and Tables Databases that are maintained in the XYZ organization comprise of the data that is stored in the form of a table. There are various rows and columns that are present in a particular database. Attackers find it easy to target a particular row or a particular column in a table to get unauthorized access to. The information that is acquired from the row or the column is then used inappropriately which may cause severe impacts to the XYZ organization. Varied Security Methods There are a number of security methods that are used and applied to the applications that are present with the XYZ organizations. The security method for an application that comprises of private data would be different from the one that would consist of public data. The task of creating varied security policies and methods for different applications along with the implementation and maintenance of the same is not an easy process. There can be no universal security policy that may be designed to cater the requirements of all the policies and methods which lead to a lot many security issues and easy path for the attackers as well (Sen, 2016). Availability Issues There are also a number of issues that impact the availability of the data that is present in the databases as the attackers impact the quality of the data. These issues deteriorate the availability of the data and can be executed easily as there are multiple data platforms that are available with the XYZ organization. Ethical Issues in DRM There are a number of ethical issues that come up in front of the database administrator during the management of the data resources. There is data present with the XYZ organization that includes the healthcare information of the users and the clients, financial details of the users and the clients and a lot of other private and confidential data as well. There is also data that becomes redundant or not required by the organization after a certain period of time. The prime ethical issues that is present with the XYZ organization in association with DRM is the ethical correctness of the data that is stored in the databases, repositories and warehouses along with the justification on the privacy methods that are utilized around the protection of the same. Data accuracy is another property and issue that comes up as an ethical issue for the XYZ organization during the management of the data resources. There is data that is present with the organization that has different data format, data types, data volume and varies on a lot many other parameters as well. There are certain essential properties that every data set must fulfill in terms of it utility and structure. Due to the presence of huge volumes of data there are also data sets that are duplicate or redundant. Accuracy of the data demands the data to have the requirement and the appropriate structure associated with it. The administrator often finds it troublesome to designate between the accurate or inaccurate data. There are also cases wherein a particular data set may be accurate for the organization at a certain point of time but becomes inaccurate after a certain time period. Keeping a track of this transition and understanding the same can be extremely difficult from the man agement in terms of the data resources. Security issues that have been highlighted above can be executed with much ease and the same leads to ethical issues for the organization. There are data properties such as confidentiality, privacy, availability and integrity that get violated with a security attack and the same causes the violation of the ethical justification for the XYZ organization. The same impacts the customer trust on the organization and the association with the customers as well in the case of frequent attacks (Harman, 2016). Audit, Review and Maintenance Issues in DRM Audit logs are created constant for every data set and database activity that takes place in the XYZ organization. It is also necessary to make productive use of these audit logs to review them on a daily basis to understand any misuse or deviation associated with the same. It also involves the monitoring of the database privileges that have been granted along with the updates that are done on the users accounts associated with the databases. Identity and access control is also applied to the user accounts to maintain authentication and authorization of the data. These tasks however are not efficiently executed due to inadequate due diligence or repetitive nature of processes by the database administrator and the database security manager. Also, due to the presence of huge number of logs, there are cases which get unnoticed during the review process. Such scenarios lead to the execution of the various security and ethical issues associated with the XYZ organization that has been high lighted above (Sun, 2016). There are different roles that have been designed and required to be fulfilled by different resources. The two roles that are often intermingled are the ones of database administrator and the database security manager. The same leads to a number of tasks that get unexecuted by one single resource and also leads to increased instances of compromised security. Ownership is another issue that comes up in the case of the management of the data resources. Maintenance of the data resources becomes challenging in the cases wherein there are multiple data platforms present for the data associated with a particular system or project. Results The primary issues that are associated with the Data Resource Management for XYZ organization are security issues, ethical issues and the ones associated with audit, review and maintenance activities. These issues primarily appear due to certain characteristics of the data resources such as the presence of multiple systems and multiple platforms along with a number of different requirements associated with the security methods and policies associated with the databases. Also, there are issues associated with the organizational structure in terms of roles definition that leads to the lesser control on the database security policies. These become the causes for the easy access to the attackers to give shape to the security attacks and various other ethical issues as well that is often linked with the security attacks. It would be required to control and manage the issues with the aid of various physical, administrative and technical controls associated with the data resources so that the management of the same does not remain a major cause of concern for the XYZ organization (Gonzalez et al., 2012). Discussion Suggestions for Further Work There are a number of further research subjects that can be derived from the topic of Data Resource Management and its issues that prevail in a particular organization. There are various components of data along with various technically advanced mechanisms that are now available in order to manage the same. Components of business intelligence such as data mining, data warehousing and likewise may be researched to understand the modern day processing and storage of data along with the other operations that are applied on the same. Also, there are a number of different tools that are now being used apart from the databases for the handling of the data. These automated tools have a number of advanced features such as report extraction, log maintenance and many others as well which may be analyzed to understand the management of data resources. Data security is a topic that is being widely researched upon since long with the inclusion of data on cloud and several other transformations that the technology has offered. The topic however requires a lot of research work that shall be done in order to understand the properties and methods that shall be applied in order to improve the state of security. Countermeasures for the DRM Issues There are a number of countermeasures that have been suggested for enhanced management of the data resources. The first and the foremost is the security mechanisms that are required to be implemented across all the components of the XYZ Organization. The basic security must be improved to make sure that the attackers fail to enter the system at the primary attempt only. Access and identity control are the two methods that must also be applied across all the databases. Access control makes sure that unauthorized access is not granted to the users and the ones that are authenticated and authorized to get access to system are provided the entry. There may be use of multi layer authentication that may be installed across all the access points to enhance the access control. There are user privileges that shall also be granted and monitored regularly. There may be user types that shall be allowed to access a particular data type which shall not be applicable for other user groups. The data base administrator must take the responsibility of the task and make sure that the privileges are granted correctly (Malik, 2016). There shall also be a number of advanced security mechanisms that must be applied across all of the data units. Inference control and encryption of the data are two methods that must be used for the enhanced security of the data that is present in the databases. The ethical issues can be prevented with the application of advanced security measures along with the use of ethical trainings and code of conduct in the practice. These trainings will allow the employees to follow better set of practices to maintain the ethical correctness of the data resource management and its processes. The organization must also define the roles correctly and shall also keep the role of the database administrator different from the security manager. The audits and logs must also be maintained and monitored regularly by engaging more and more resources. The use of automated tools must also be done to make sure that the audit and monitoring activities are accurately done. Conclusion Data Resource Management popularly known as DRM is a concept and set of methods that includes the processes and procedures for the database administrator and management team to handle and manage various data resources that are present in the organization. In the event of the XYZ associations, there are different information assets that are available which are inside and in addition outside to the association. There are external data assets, for example, customers, end clients, accomplices, outsider sources and many others. There are different internal data assets also, for example, HR, on-commence information, authentic information and many others. A large portion of this inside and outer information is put away on the cloud in various diverse locations. There are likewise different archives and distribution centers that are available with the association where the information is put away. Because of the nearness of such gigantic measure of assets and different sorts of data resource s, there are different issues that surface before the database administrator for the administration of the information. These issues are extensively arranged in security and moral issues. Aside from these two classifications, there are various different issues as well that are associated with the XYZ organization. These can be handled by the use of a number of security controls along with advanced administrative and technical controls applied across the organization. References Abadi, D. (2016). Data Management in the Cloud: Limitations and Opportunities. Retrieved 21 October 2016, from https://cs-www.cs.yale.edu/homes/dna/papers/abadi-cloud-ieee09.pdf Gonzalez, N., Miers, C., Redgolo, F., Simplcio, M., Carvalho, T., Nslund, M., Pourzandi, M. (2012). A quantitative analysis of current security concerns and solutions for cloud computing. Journal Of Cloud Computing: Advances, Systems And Applications, 1(1), 11. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2192-113x-1-11 Gordon, K. (2016). Principles of Data Management Facilitating Information Sharing. Retrieved 21 October 2016, from https://www.bcs.org/upload/pdf/data-management-chapter1.pdf Harman, L. (2016). Ethical Challenges in the Management of Health Information. Google Books. Retrieved 21 October 2016, from https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Vhqe7QV3eIACpg=PA342lpg=PA342dq=issues+data+resource+management+drmsource=blots=0i9Pq7MxI1sig=dg_TWle6jvA-f3OHieQz1yvUvZQhl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwiexciP7urPAhVMO48KHY9AAosQ6AEISjAH#v=onepageqf=false Malik, M. (2016). Database Security. Retrieved 21 October 2016, from https://aircconline.com/ijist/V6N2/6216ijist18.pdf Sen, J. (2016). Security and Security andPrivacy Privacy Privacy Issues in Cloud Computing. Retrieved 21 October 2016, from https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1303/1303.4814.pdf Siegmund, N. (2016). Challenges of Secure and Reliable Data Management in Heterogeneous Environments. Retrieved 21 October 2016, from https://wwwiti.cs.uni-magdeburg.de/iti_db/publikationen/ps/auto/SFS+10.pdf Sun, T. (2016). Research on Heterogeneous Data resource Management Model in Cloud Environment. Retrieved 21 October 2016, from https://www.sersc.org/journals/IJDTA/vol6_no5/13.pdf

Learning & Development of Foster Children-Samples for Students

Question: Examines the Philosophy regarding the learning and development of the Fosters Children. Answer: Introduction Fosters children are referred to the children who are separated from their birth parents for several reasons and are kept under parent ship of other capable couples. A philosophical approach will be taken for the purpose of the fosters childrens learning and development. Authors Philosophy As the foster children are plucked from their birth parents home and relocated to a new family, it is important to ensure they are happy, content and comfortable within their new environment. It is important to create the place suited for them to explore and feel safe, so that they can maintain their healthy living which is of utmost priority for learning and development of their mind. Foster family and friends have the greater role in this as the children live with their new foster parents. Socialization of the children plays a vital role in their development which can be achieved with the help of the parents and their friends and colleagues. More the healthy gathering organized by the parents, more the chances increase in favor of the child to develop their mental state (Schoenmaker et al., 2014). Theoretical background also needs consideration in this context. The developmental psychology is included in the matter and also considers contemporary approaches such as socio-cultural theories, post modernism and post structuralism. All these theories have significant influence in early childhood, which strongly links to the fundamental philosophies (earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au, 2017). It is observed that the mixed age grouping is often useful for both the teachers and children when learning and teaching. It includes a more holistic, child-responsive curriculum practices that consider the understanding capability and dispositions that children need for future. This way, teacher and the children have more than a year to work together, which can enhance continuity of learning and the forming of positive relationships. As the younger children get to work with elder ones, the younger ones benefit from the positive models of older ones, often aspiring to their level of capability (qcaa.qld.edu.au, 2017). Technology is another aspect that should be in central focus of the service. It plays a significant role in learning and development not only of the young foster children but to the whole. Technology is included in the curriculum of many pre-schools for faster understanding of the children. It also helps to make the education more fun. Moreover, it is important to develop the technological skills of the young generation in order to prepare them for future competition (Weissman, 2016). Conclusion It can be concluded from the above report that the foster children in the society go through a psychological imbalance that needs to be taken care of for their proper development and learning process. It obviously starts from home and the relatives and friends and end with the school. Both the institutions effort is absolute necessary. Special curriculum needs to be adopted as mention for their development and overcome the psychological trauma they go through. References earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au. (2017).theories. Retrieved 9 August 2017, from https://www.earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au/nqsplp/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/NQS_PLP_E-Newsletter_No31.pdf qcaa.qld.edu.au.(2017).multi-age learning. Retrieved 9 August 2017, from https://www.qcaa.qld.edu.au/downloads/p_10/ey_lt_multi-age.pdf Schoenmaker, C., Juffer, F., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2014). Does family matter? The well-being of children growing up in institutions, foster care and adoption. InHandbook of child well-being(pp. 2197-2228). Springer Netherlands. Weissman, D. E., Founding Editor. (2016). Technology and the future of palliative care education.Journal of palliative medicine,19(1), 2-3.

Influence of Motivation on Organizational Commitment

Question: Describe about the Influence of Motivation on Organizational Commitment. Answer: Organizational commitment is the psychological attachment that members of a particular organization possess towards the organization. An employee commitment towards his/her organization can be determined by observing the organizations variable such as turnover, organizational behaviour of the citizens, as well as the individual employee job performance (Wayne, et al. 2013, pp.606). Factors that determine the level of employee commitment to the organization include employee empowerment, job security, role stress, level of motivation and distribution of leadership roles within the organization (Meyer, et al. 2012, pp.225-245). The three-component theory offers an explanation on employee organizational commitment. The theory provides three distinctive components of commitment by employees towards an organization. The three components include; Affective commitment This concerns the emotional attachment of employees towards the organization. The theory maintains that whenever an employee harbours a high level of affective commitment towards the organization, they are able to enjoy their relationship with the organizations environs and hence are likely to commit their life and to stay at the organization longer (Jackson, et al. 2013, pp.84-106). No one forces them to stay but rather they stay because they have chosen to stay. Continuance commitment Employees commit their future and stay at the organization because to them leaving the organization is likely to prove costly. For instance, one may be forced to stay at an organization due to the fear of being unemployed or losing a position held at the organization through demotion at another organization (Chun, et al. 2013, pp.853-877). Normative commitment In this case, an employee feels that he/she is obliged to stay at an organization and that it would be unethical to leave the organization. There is yet no single definition on what organizational commitment is. Various scholars give varied definitions on the concept of organizational commitment (Chiaburu, et al. 2013, pp.10). However, among the several definitions by the various scholars, there is some degree of consensus that organizational management entails technics aimed at making an employee commit his/her future to the organization. According to Becker (1960), organizational commitment in an employee emanates from his/her awareness of the cost to be incurred by leaving the organization. However, according to Mowday et al. (1982), organizational commitment is the emotional attachment an employee possesses towards a given organization. On the other hand, according to Wiener, organizational commitment emanates from the feeling among employees of a given organization that they have a moral duty to remain loyal and committed to the specific organization. Moreover, Evenson (2003) points out that motivation is how employees of a given organization are able to strive and obtain optimum performance on a day to day basis and enjoy the challenges associated with the process of achieving the good results while caring for their colleagues and the organization in the course of achieving positive results. Furthermore, Meyer and Herscovitch (2001) maintain that organizational commitment is the force binding a given employee to the organization in relation to specific aims and which can be distinguished from motivation factors. Every successful organization invests a lot of resources in their employees. It is therefore very essential for organizations to ensure that the employees remain committed to the organization and do not leave (Park Shaw, 2013, pp.268). An employee with a low commitment level will definitely not perform at his/her best. Furthermore, whenever an employee leaves an organization, there are losses incurred in terms of the high cost of replacement as well as temporary implications to the performance of the organization (Costanza, et al. 2012, pp.375-394). It is therefore essential that an organization comes up with ways of ensuring that there employees remain committed to the organization at all times. Motivation entails factors and conditions created at an organization to encourage the morale of employees and boost their performance. There are two forms of employee motivation in any organization; intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation comes from within the employee and is usually applicable whenever the employee finds the work to be satisfying, fulfilling and he/ she is able to enjoy doing it (Imran, et al. 2014, pp.135-144). On the other hand, extrinsic motivation entails external factors that boost the morale of an employee. They include actions taken by the organization such as punishment and rewards, in order to encourage the employee to perform effectively (Reeve, 2014, pp.5). For instance, an employee will work hard to evade punishment while at the same time the same employee will work hard to get rewarded. According to Bartol and Martin (1998), motivation is the inward push that enables an employee to satisfy an unsatisfied desire and ensure that they attain a desired goal. To them, motivation emanates from an individuals innate psychological desires which drive the individual to achieve set objectives. On the other hand, Kalimullah (2010) maintains that employee motivation entails streamlining the objectives of the employee to match those of the organization thereby enabling him/her to channel efforts towards the realization of the organizations goals. However, Mary (1996) points out that, motivation especially for employees by an organization entails the measures taken by the organization in an attempt to achieve organizational effectiveness that uses resources without putting undue pressure, strain and stress on the employees. There exists an old saying that you can take a donkey to the river but you can never force the same donkey to drink water. Human beings at a work station behave just like donkeys. You can employ them, give them working tools but can never force them to perform. Motivation plays a crucial role in ensuring high level of performance and commitment among employees of a given organization. Motivation, both intrinsic and extrinsic encourages employees to get committed to a given organization and perform at high levels (Lepper Greene, 2015, p.2). For instance, an employee will work hard because he/she anticipates rewards such as promotion at the end of the day. On the other hand, another employee may remain committed to a certain job due to the fear of a punishment such as demotion. Equity Theory According to this theory, employment is a form of beneficial and contributory relationship between the employee and the employer. The benefits are in the form of job promotions, employee recognition as well as pay. On the other hand, contributions are in the form of employee expertise, educational qualification, employee effort and ability as well as the experience held by the employee (Pinder, 2014). The theory maintains that if there is equity between benefits and contributions, then the employee is able to enjoy being at the organization and hence commit their future to the organization. If conditions of equity are realised, the employee is able to experience job satisfaction. The theory emphasizes on the importance of motivation in realizing employee commitment to an organization. It encourages the organization management to redesign the organizations motivation system in a manner that avoids the destruction of performance due to perceived inequalities while at the same time ensure that they do not over reward and cost the organizations performance. The equity theory can explain the influence of motivation on organizational commitment. Employees are encouraged to stay and commit their future to an organization depending on the benefits they get from the organization (Manzoor, 2012, pp.1). The benefits could be in the form of rewards and punishments. Employees may stay at an organization due to the fear of punishments they may encounter in the event of leaving the organization such as being unemployed or getting a job in a smaller company. Similarly, the employees may be encouraged to stay at the organization because of the rewards they reap from the organization such as pay increment, promotion and recognition. According to Rudolph and Kleiner (1989) and Sujan (1986), rewarding employees with extrinsic rewards in the form of salary increment, fringe benefits as well as promotion encourages employees to want to stay at the organization longer in anticipation of similar rewards in the future. On the other hand, Darmon (1974) maintains that rewards in the form of money and other financial incentives play a significant role in shaping employees behaviour hence making them commit their future to the organization as an obligation. Furthermore, Dauten (1998) states that a process of motivating employees that requires them to bet on their success enables the employees own the organization perform and hence want to stay to advance on the successes they achieved. Relying on the equity theory and based on the synthesis of the literature provided by Dauten (1998), Darmon (1974) as well as Rudolph and Kleiner (1989), I propose that Motivation influences Organizational commitment. Motivation is an important factor that influences organizational commitment. However, the organization should not over emphasize on motivation in its attempt to promote employee commitment to the organization. This is because there arise cases when motivating employees do not translate into more employee working culture (Yidong Xinxin, 2013, pp.441-455). Due to the varied preference among employees on the mode of motivation, the organization might end up suffering in the long run as a result of a certain mode of motivation employed. For instance, in cases of employees who ascribe more to material motivation factor, the main concern will be distributive justice. On the other hand, with employees whose preference is non-material motivation factor, their focus is usually on acquisition of fair procedure. It is of great importance that in the process of motivating employees, the organization management maintains justice in the factors used. A just motivation system will ensure that all employees are treated fairly and with respect regardless of their social status, ethnic background, race or cultural orientation. For instance, employees should be promoted based on the contribution in terms of educational qualification, ability, expertise and experience. This in the long run will create a culture of justice within the organization which will make staying at the organization enjoyable and hence encourage organizational commitment (Gelens, et al. 2013, pp.341-353). Furthermore, motivation systems that focus on the employee contribution will encourage positive competition among the employees; a phenomenon which will impact positively to the growth of the organization. For instance, rewarding employees based on their academic qualification will encourage other employees to go back to school and advance their educational qualifications. This is in the end will earn them promotions which will make them commit their future to the organization. Moreover, the acquired status as a result of the education advancement will make the employees stay at the organization due to the fear of losing the acquired status upon leaving the organization. Furthermore, ensuring justice in motivating employees reduces conflicts at the work place that could be occasioned by a feeling among the employees who deserve motivation but yet the same is given to those who do not deserve due to preferences such as social status or cultural orientation. Hence a just motivation system will promote organizational commitment. Bibliography Chiaburu, D.S., Lorinkova, N.M. and Van Dyne, L., 2013. Employees social context and change-oriented citizenship: A meta-analysis of leader, coworker, and organizational influences. Group Organization Management, p.1059601113476736. Chun, J.S., Shin, Y., Choi, J.N. and Kim, M.S., 2013. How does corporate ethics contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of collective organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Management, 39(4), pp.853-877. Costanza, D.P., Badger, J.M., Fraser, R.L., Severt, J.B. and Gade, P.A., 2012. Generational differences in work-related attitudes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Business and Psychology, 27(4), pp.375-394. Gelens, J., Dries, N., Hofmans, J. and Pepermans, R., 2013. The role of perceived organizational justice in shaping the outcomes of talent management: A research agenda. 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Turnover rates and organizational performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(2), p.268. Pinder, C.C., 2014. Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press, p.5-7. Reeve, J., 2014. Understanding motivation and emotion. John Wiley Sons, p.5. Wayne, J.H., Casper, W.J., Matthews, R.A. and Allen, T.D., 2013. Family-supportive organization perceptions and organizational commitment: The mediating role of workfamily conflict and enrichment and partner attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(4), p.606. Yidong, T. and Xinxin, L., 2013. How ethical leadership influence employees innovative work behavior: A perspective of intrinsic motivation. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(2), pp.441-455.