Besieged by Climate Control free essay sample

In Mann’s article, â€Å"Besieged by Climate Deniers: A Scientist Decides to Fight Back† greenhouse gases are destroying layers of the earth’s ozone or atmosphere, which is the result of burning fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, oil. Research done by Mann and other climate scientific points out that there is a serious threat to our planet as a result of the overuse of fossil fuels and the sharply rising levels of the gases as we continue to burn more and more fossil fuels. According to Michael Mann, he and other scientist over the past decades have become the victims of retaliations by certain special interest groups, politicians, industries or ideologues who vehemently disagree with their climate change research and are trying to discredit or diminish the findings of their research. Understandably, their critics are unhappy with their research or findings. Subsequently, they are repeatedly ridiculed and accused of overstating or exaggerate the facts of their research regarding the effects of greenhouse emissions by their critics. We will write a custom essay sample on Besieged by Climate Control or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Consequently, their advocacies are on the defense or attack because their research it does not agree or fall in line with their policy, beliefs or goals with respect to their position on the use of fossil fuels, despite the reality, the facts or the quality of their research and findings. Therefore, the fossil fuel industry and its advocates are displeased with the unflattering research results of climate scientists, like Mann, which finds the use of oil, coal, and natural gas to be the major contributors of climate change and global warming. Mann states that their research is like significant pieces of a larger puzzle which they continue to fill in. When it is eventually completed it will give a true picture of the effect of global warming. It will point out the negative fallout or significant increases in adverse activities such as heat waves, rises in the earth’s sea level, disappearing shorelines, floods, availability of food resources and fresh water supplies, all resulting, if we continue to burn fossil fuels. Subsequently, the disbelievers or those who potentially stand to be effected and lose the most by the research done by climate control scientist’s, are out to destroy credibility or effectively diminish their reputations and findings by challenging the validity of their research that support global warming as a result of the overuse and abuse of fossil fuels that Mann points out to be the culprits of greenhouse gases and confirms the benefits in the decreased use of fossil fuels. Scientist like Mann and their adversaries or political foes want to dismantle the research and other significant research. The dismantling or attacks were initially prompted by the hockey stick papers, research studies done and supported by numerous scientists that contain graphs that demonstrate the rapid and steady spikes or increases of the earth’s temperature and global warming over the past 1,000 years. To disband this theory or the validity of the hockey stick papers, their critics want to treat such research or research that involve the hockey stick theory, like a house of cards, which if one falls down the rest will weaken and topple. Their adversaries hope antics like these, according to Mann will question or attempt to destroy their integrity or the integrity of their research. In his article, Mann refers to this as the â€Å"Serengeti strategy† where they look for what they perceive to be the weakest animal in the herd and then attack or pounce upon that one. Opposition, such as Joe Barton a Republican U. S. Representative from Texas, James Inhofe a Republican Senator from Oklahoma along with Virginia Attorney General, Ken Cuccinelli are all a part of the opposition determined to dismantle the research of global warming or under mind the credibility of the research and scientists like Mann. In his article Mann points out the motives of each. According to Mann, Joe Barton is one of the biggest receivers of fossil fuel funding in the House of Representatives. In his efforts to discredit the work of the supporters of global warming, Barton sent Mann and his colleagues letters demanding that they expose their professional and personal lives to scrutiny through an investigation committee involving Barton. Additionally, Joe Barton hired a statistician from George Mason University to disprove their research which was validated by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). James Inhofe, Barton’s ally, in synchrony, went even further to dispute their research or claims. According to Mann, Inhofe deliberately issued false claims or reports disputing their work or research. Inhofe went so far as to publish a book trying to dispel their research and the theories of global warming. In his book Inhofe tries to convenience readers that there is a conspiracy taking place amongst scientist like Mann behind and their global warming and climate change research. Inhofe expressed a desire to gain control of the Senate Committee and if he does, because of his beliefs and persistence involving global warming, would like to investigate Mann and 16 others scientist. It is his hope and effort to expose what he believes to be the truth or a conspiracy by the scientist as the results of an investigation or as outlined in his book. To further refute the research and intrude upon privacy of scientists like Mann, Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli tried to subpoena the personal correspondence of Mann and many other scientists during Mann’s time at the University of Virginia. Cuccinelli efforts failed before the Virginia Supreme Court. The witch hunt, as termed by Mann, cost an estimated $600,000 in private funds defending the personal rights or privacy of climate scientists. Additionally, other groups and individuals have gone so far as to use multiple methods of intimidations or scare tactics such as threatening e-mails, which include anonymous death threats, along with threats through the U. S. ail that included a powdery substance like Anthrax, identified later by the FBI as a hoax and leaving the carcasses of animals, such as a rat, on the doorstep of one of one of his fellow scientist or colleagues, all in an effort to scare or discourage the scientists like Mann. However, because of the serious, potentially deadly consequences of and their position and concern for the negative effects of greenhouse gases and subsequent global warming, scientists like Mann are breaking their silence. Michael man and other scientist are making it publicly known that greenhouse emissions caused by the use of fossil fuels pose a serious threat to the delicate balance to our world’s ecological system. Scientist like himself are making a concerted effort to inform the public about the realities of climate change and global warming related to and occurring because of the negative and subsequent effects of greenhouse emissions. Unfortunately, the attacks and investigations taking place are because of the efforts of these scientists to expose the truth about the subsequent, detrimental effects effects of CO2/greenhouse gases. Tired of the persistent attacks and ridicule, personally and against their position and research on global warming, scientists, like Michael Mann, are deciding to fight back with the help of and through advocates and scientists like U. S. Representative Sherwood Boehlert, a Republican from New York, is helping climate scientist fight back. Additionally, scientist like Barton are being aided by such groups as Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) and Individuals like, Scott Mandia, a meteorology professor at the State University of New York. Their efforts and contributions have helped to concentrate the support and defend the climate scientists who have become the victims of these retaliatory efforts and attacks and support their position on global warming. Mandia, part of a group called the Climate Science Rapid Response Team (CSRRT) is helping to connect benefactors with scientists to assist in their plight by virtue of a defense fund, which helps pay for the legal fees for those scientist who are being attacked and are stuck with mounting legal fees, as a result of their situation or who may require legal advice assistance in order to defend themselves or fight back. In addition to Mandia, John Abraham, a physics professor at the University of St. Thomas in Minnesota, along with others, also help form a part of the rapid response team, which connects journalists with scientists to assist in their plight and spreading the news. Reasonably, scientist/climate scientists are only focused on the importance of their research and doing their jobs as it relates to their research. Subsequently, for the most part many scientists are not focused on or educated enough in such matters to eloquently take on the responsibility or sufficiently battle the sea of media and politicians/policymakers and manipulated investigations. Therefore, they need help in these areas and fortunately, help is being offered and given to those who need it through private individuals and organizations such as NCS and the CSRRT so that they are better able to bounce back and defend themselves from such retaliation. In Mann’s article, he admits that for more than a decade he has been the victim and the repeated target of attacks and threats by political interests groups who feel threatened by his and other scientific research on greenhouse gases and global warming. However, he is concerned, a top the obvious, about the negative feedback this can create with the false accusations and retaliatory conduct of such demigods, which can cause a back flash of fear, discouraging young or future or aspiring scientists and researchers from entering this area of research or science, which is deemed off limits because of the ridicule and attacks against scientist like himself. According to Mann the seeming baseless assaults on scientists have no use in our society or in a good democracy. His view is that an intelligent conversation can be had by all discussing, analyzing and understanding the scientific facts for the solutions or minimally the consequences of global warming. Finally, Mann states that though any relevant factors such as economics, policy and fairness need to be included in the equations but ethics must be a part of the equation as well as it affects our future and our children, and their children and our grandchildren existence and survival on the planet. Reference Mann, M. E. (2012, April 12). Besieged by climate deniers, a scientist decides to fight back. Yale Environment 360: Opinion, Analysis, Reporting Debate. Retrieved from http://e360. yale. edu/feature/climate_scientist_michael_mann_fights_back_skeptics/2516/#. T4bO2MVsVyg. twitter

Advertising Proposal for EduTot

Executive Summary EduTot is a company that was started in the 1990s to provide a completely integrated education system to students through provision of toys, programs and plays that incorporate play and growth. This is an advertising plan for the company in order to increase its competitiveness in the domestic market and aid the efforts of the company to go global.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Advertising Proposal for EduTot specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The research entails an understanding of the company’s products, the competitor and the strategies used by the company against those used by the competitors. A marketing strategy, marketing rationale and marketing objectives are also considered. Then the advertising strategy in terms of media mix, media choice, seasonality, tone, geographical considerations and other factors are developed. The budget for the advertising is drawn on monthly basis and then the strategy, methodology and objectives of advertising evaluation determined. Situation Analysis Current Users This section explores the users of a company’s products. A good understanding of the users is important since it enables the company to formulate better marketing strategies that will appeal to the customers (Hackley 23). The understanding of the customers can be achieved by looking at the demographic features of the customer such as occupation, marital status, ethnicity, education levels, income brackets, age brackets and number of children among other demographic considerations. The psychographic features such as lifestyle of the users, tastes and preferences also provide a good understanding of the users. After this understanding, one is able to come up with a prospect definition for the customers. 1. Demographic ProfileAdvertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OF F Learn More Occupation – the users of the products of EduTot come from various occupational backgrounds. This is because the company manufactures toys and other programs for use in teaching of young children. The customers for the products are the parents of students who come from different occupations. However, a great percentage of the users are schools and teachers thus the main occupation of the users of the products of EduTot is teachers or education specialists and specifically early childhood educationists. Marital status – the users of the products of EduTot are married, single, divorced, separated or widowed. In other words, there is no specific target in terms of marital status for the products of the company Ethnic background- the users of the products of EduTot are from diverse ethnic backgrounds although many users are Americans. This is because the company was started in America and that is the country of operation. Education- the products for the company are most appropriate to teachers and educationists whose education level varies from university graduates to college graduates. Age – the users are not of a specific age group, but the most common users who are teachers are adults. Income – the EduTot’s products target the middle class people in the society with moderate income. There income is neither low now high. Children – the number of children is not applicable for users of products of EduTot. 2. Psychographics/ Lifestyle VALS in marketing stands for Values, Attitudes and Lifestyles and it is a tool used for establishing the psychographic factors of the customers (Hackley, p. 35). People can be grouped into different VAL categories depending on things that motivate them and resources available to them. The users targeted by EduTot Company are achievers and strivers because they are teachers, parents and educational centers who strive to achieve academic excellence for their children. 3. Prospect Definition The prospect definition is a statement that identifies potential customers to be targeted. Because EduTot Company has been successful in America, it is good for the company to explore other international markets (Sutherland and Sylvester 67). Thus, the prospect definition for the company is new customers of middle-income class in Britain and Japan. Geographic emphasis The products from EduTot Company do not have a strict geographical emphasis. The targeted geographical areas are the urban areas since they have high population and thus more education centers. Seasonality Seasonality refers to the occurrence of high sales and low sales in business. Seasonality is a factor to EduTot Company products. The company records high sales when schools are about to open and lower sales later. This is because when schools are about to be opened, that is when most schools, educationists and parents look for the required materials for education.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Advertising Proposal for EduTot specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Product evaluation Under the product evaluation, issues related to the products of EduTot Company will be discussed and they include history of the products; sales history, pricing and distribution channels currently employed by the company to sale its products and the brand character. EduTot was started in the early 1990s in United States of America with the aim of providing education aids, which would ensure a completely integrated learning process in the early stages of children’s growth. The company started producing toys, games and computer software that could provide values such as analysis skills and problem solving skills in children. Since its inception, the sales of the company have been in an upward trend and in 2009; the company recorded a record US $ 120 million. The pricing strategy in use by the Company is cost plus pricing. The company sets a price that enables it to cover the production, services cost, and a profit margin on top of the cost of production. The distribution channels used by the company is use of wholesalers and retailers who sale the products to the consumers. The targeted wholesalers and retailers are those who sale education materials and bookstores. This channel is more effective since it involves lower cost of distribution and it ensures high market penetration. EduTot estimates that it has made a penetration of 4% in market outlets in US. The products are placed in shelves facing customers and places where the customers can have easy access to the products. The EduTot Company commands respect from retailers and wholesalers in the market due to quality of products and thus they readily allow space for products. Some retailers however face out of stock problems due to distribution problems by wholesalers. EduTot highly employs the push strategy to promote goods and services since the products are still new in the market.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is also good to evaluate the brand character of the products of EduTot limited. The current pricing is acceptable and affordable to many customers since the profit margin added is no too high. The products are of high quality since the toys are durably made of bright colors, safe for children use and they promote learning. The computers software and other learning programs are user friendly and reliable to the consumers. The packaging is also attractive protects the quality of the products. It also enhances convenience in transportation since the toys are parked in cartons. Compared to the products of competitors, the products of EduTot Company are more reputable. The problems that the products solve are lack of an education system that promotes wholesome growth and learning. The overwhelming benefits to the users are achievement of completely integrated growth of their children while at the same time enhancing their safety. Production of the toys, software and other education pr ograms require creativity in order to make use of the changing technology. EduTot is thus required to continually look for ways to improve on their products in terms of technological advancements, changing education requirements and safety. There are no notable competitors to EduTot in provision of childcare toys and education programs. The competitors are small and they are still in the infancy stages thus they command a minimal share of the market. The competitors are few in number and they target specific states in US. Most of the competitors use the pull strategy to promote their products because they target a smaller market. They do not have good reputation with retailers and wholesalers because their products are too localized, are of low quality and high priced. The pricing strategies used by the competitors are penetration strategies since the competitors are new in the market. The products are of poorer quality than EduTot’s products in terms of performance, durabili ty and safety. Their packaging is similar to that of the EduTot’s products hence it can be concluded that the products from EduTot are superior to those of competitors. The mode of advertising used by the companies is use of newspapers and posters. Their weakness is lack of appropriate slogan for their brands hence their brands are not more recognized than EduTot’s brands. Research Objective The research objective of this paper is to determine the advertising marketing strategies applicable to EduTot Company in order to maintain and increase their market share and enter into the global business scene. Strategy The strategy for the advertising and product campaign is promotion of the customer benefits, increase of brand awareness and promotion of the differentiating features of the EduTot’s products. The advertising will be aimed at improving the brand image of EduTot Company. Methodology In development of the advertising strategy and the product campaign strateg y for EduTot Company, the background information about the products is sought. The product history, current marketing strategies, distribution channels and pricing strategies is provided. In addition, an overview of the competition in terms of product quality, distribution and pricing is done. The media mix is then decided, the marketing objective or aim established and the advertising strategy developed. Summary Of Findings The advertising strategy more suitable for the products of EduTot Company is an aggressive campaign with a global outlook and one that makes use of a good media mix is appropriate for the products of the company. It is also found out that the advertising strategy should be aimed at informing the customers on benefits and features of the products and changes in prices. Other needs for the advertising strategy are to persuade customers to buy the products from the company. Problem: Opportunity Statement EduTot Company has been successful in the United States of Am erica for over twenty years. The company has created and maintained a big market share and it has continued to recorder increasing sales. Over the past ten years, competition has been growing in the education sector and this has been caused by introduction of small companies who provide accessories to certain states in US. This has forced the EduTot Company to formulate long-term strategies in order to maintain market share and find other markets. The company decided to embrace globalization strategy. The research problem or opportunity statement for this paper is thus to develop an effective advertising strategy that will help EduTot Company to maintain market share as well as to get new markets internationally. Marketing Objective The marketing objectives for EduTot Company’s products are: To maintain market share To get new markets in the global market To satisfy the needs of the customers To ensure the products are within customers’ reach To develop affordable and quality products to consumers Marketing Rationale The marketing rationale for this company is to identify the customer needs and satisfy those needs well than the competitors. Another rationale is to identify potential markets and penetrate into the markets. The company also seeks to create new markets through exploration of international markets. Advertising Creative Creative advertising strategies used to promote the brand image of a product, persuade the customers to buy and use the product. It employs the use of slogans, good publicity and other sales promotion strategies. The creative advertising strategies can be weak, semi-strong or strong depending on their intensity. The big idea is to show the main features of the products of EduTot. The support for the main idea is accessibility, durability and other features such as information on price changes. The tone used is persuasive but also aggressive in nature and the emphasis is on sampling of customers who have experienced t he products. Advertising Media Media refers to the channels that can be used to pass the information to the users. A choice of media is made depending on the target audience, coverage, marketing objective, cost and other factors. Objective The objective of the advertising media is to reach the target market effectively. This means that the media should pass the information without distortions and that the media should be cost effective. The target audience for EduTot Company is the elite who are involved in education sector. A media chosen should create an appeal to the elite. Because the company has chose Britain and Japan for international business, the media should be able to cover those two markets in addition to addressing the market in America. There is seasonality in advertising for the products of EduTot Company since the company expects to sell more when the schools are about to open. The media used should reach the targeted group but it should not be so frequent. This is t o cut down on advertising costs and to avoid boredom. The media should take into consideration technological advancements and lifestyles of the targeted group of customers. Strategies This means the media mix, types of media, geographical use and seasonality of media considerations in advertising. For EduTot, a mix of both print and electronic media is recommended. The company should advertise through newspapers, televisions, posters and most importantly, online. It should therefore develop a website for use in marketing the products. The website should be interactive and it should allow customers and other people to contribute to the development of the product. The types of media for use are not limited. The company can use any media that has a national and international appeal. Because of technological advancements and diversity of users, the media formats to be used are not limited (Brainmass 2). The company can use short plays, songs, pictures and other formats as long as they p ass the message and appeal to the targeted customers. The media to be used should reach the international markets (Britain and Japan) as well as all the states of US. Advertising should be continuous but its aggressiveness should vary with seasonality of demand. Tactics The tactics to be employed by EduTot should be to for the company to identify itself with customers, make the customers believe that the company understands their needs and ensure that the message is aggressively delivered to the customers. Multimedia recommendations Objective Multimedia refers to use of more media to pass the same information, either at the same time or at different times. The objectives of multimedia use for EduTot Company should be: Pass the information in a cost effective manner Create easy understanding of the message Well customized to address different time and place situations Enhance quality of the message being delivered. Strategy To enhance the choice of multimedia that addresses all the objectives above, EduTot should come up with adverts that employ the use of pictures, sound, short movies or videos as well as pictures. These will be effective since they will help the company to pass the information in a cost effective manner. Methodology The best methodology would be to play audio adverts when the people are relatively busy, like when they are travelling or working. When the people are at home, video and music adverts will be better because people are relaxed and they have time to listen to them. Flowcharts And Schedules The following should be the flow chart for the establishment of the advertising campaign: Budget Advertising budget for EduTot Company Media Cost (US $) Newspapers: Local newspapers (10 adverts per month @ $ 30,000) 300,000 International newspapers (15 Adverts @ $ 40,000) 600,000 Radio advertising (30 Runs per month @ $ 20,000) 600,000 Billboards and outdoor advertising (10 billboards @ $ 100,000) 1,000,000 Internet advertising (Cr eation and maintenance of website) 500,000 Fliers (10,000 @ $ 1) 10,000 Market survey and research (200 hours @ $ 20) 4,000 Advertising evaluation (200 hours @ $ 10) 1,000 Total 315,000 Campaign Evaluation/ Testing The advertising strategy chosen should be tested, implemented, and then reviewed to know whether it is effective. The objective of campaign evaluation or testing is to ascertain the effectiveness and suitability of the chosen strategy to know whether it needs to be revised or not. Another objective is to keep track of all the costs and schedules to ensure that everything goes according to plan. The strategy or methodology for evaluation of strategy is gathering of data regarding the expenditure and results and then comparing them with the targets. This will show the extent to which the advertising strategy has accomplished the targets hence its effectiveness. Works Cited Brainmass. The four P’s of marketing for EduTot in Germany and Japan. 2010. June 5, 2011. https://brainmass.com/business/international-markets/four-ps-marketing-edutot-germany-japan-329372 Hackley, Christopher. Advertising and Promotion: Communicating Brands. London: SAGE, 2005. Print Sutherland, Max and Alice Sylvester. Advertising and the Mind of the Consumer: What Works, What Doesn’t, and Why. Crows Nest: Allen Unwin, 2009. Print. This research paper on Advertising Proposal for EduTot was written and submitted by user Josephine Fry to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Science Issue Of Young Children Example

A Science Issue Of Young Children Example A Science Issue Of Young Children – Coursework Example The article, ‘Science in the Air’ by Sherrie Bosse, Gera Jacobs and Tara Lynn Anderson is highly pertinent for developing and enhancing children’s critical thinking prowess and understanding about science. Children have inherent tendency to be curious about things and their ability to ponder over the things that they observe in their daily life needs to be gently prodded for seeking answers. The teachers, family and friends all must collectively take responsibility to ensure that children’s tendency to explore and investigate various aspects of the events that are taking place in their life are explained in fun ways so that learning becomes a much sought after activity. Daily events like day and night, changing of leaves, animal and insects, growing transition period etc. are important issues for children and intrinsic part of science and technology that must be linked together for children so that children’s scientific knowledge is enhanced and they become motivated to explore things in more scientific manner. The authors have diligently explained how various activities of children’s life are important media for developing scientific temperament in children and boosting their power of critical thinking. Early years of children are crucial times that must be exploited by teachers and parents to guide and enrich children’s abilities for greater learning outcome. They should encourage children to discover and learn things through practical experience. This would help them to understand how evolution takes place and how they can contribute to make the world a better place to live. Indeed, this is the right time for them to learn about environment and it helps human beings to live a better life. Moreover, increasing their awareness about science ensures that children become better equipped to address the challenges of contemporary times.(words: 289)ReferenceBosse, Sherrie, Jacobs, Gera & Anderson, Tara Lynn. (November , 2009). Science in the Air. The Journal of NAEYC, 64(6), 10-14. https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/40883975/naeyc_youngchildren_200911%20copy.pdf

The Transformation of Liberalism

The Transformation of Liberalism Liberalism is a force that has produced change from the birth of this nation to the politics of today. Liberal tenets have been a basis of thought and action in American politics since well before the signing of the Constitution. Certainly, liberalism has had to transform in order to remain a legitimate force throughout the years. When considering this transformation, one may ask whether or not the ideas and goals of classical liberalism have been lost in the conversion into modern liberalism. In order to answer this, the areas of freedom, the role of government, human nature, and the function of law should be addressed. While this may not be a complete register of change in liberalism, research into these subjects can provide strong indications toward the nature of this transition. Objectively, the evidence suggests that many of the ideas of classical liberalism were either abandoned or changed fundamentally when America entered the modern era.Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1933. Lietuv iÃ… ³: Frankl...FreedomThe idea of freedom has been a paramount concern of liberalism throughout history. Consider the classical ideas of religious freedom, the right to resist and the inherent right of every individual to be independent. These were some of the main focuses of classical liberalism in early America.On religious freedom, seventeenth century minister Roger Williams wrote:'... All Civill States with their Officers of justice in their respectiveconstitutions and administrations are proved essentially Civill, and therefore not judges, governours or defendours of the spirituall or christian state and worship.' (Volkomer, 50)This quote is notable because it illustrates the early liberal ideas of religious freedom by stating that government officials have no right to pass judgment on religious practices. In furtherance of his views, Williams founded a colony at Plymouth and contributed to the development of religious tolerance in the new world. Religious tolerance...

The Cask of the Amontillado, by Edgar Allen Poe Term Paper

The Cask of the Amontillado, by Edgar Allen Poe - Term Paper Example Some literary experts suggested Poe got his idea for this story from being a former mason. The Cask of Amontillado fascinated its readers for the gruesome death of its victim. The manner of death was being entombed or buried alive by enclosure within a concrete wall. The technical term for this manner of execution is immurement, but there is a big difference in this death from being merely buried alive, such as being put into the ground. Immurement is a particularly painful and slow death due to dehydration and starvation, a manner of torture. A person buried alive dies from asphyxiation and death is much quicker, while being entombed through immurement signifies a lingering death which could take days or weeks. A lot of myths, stories and legends surround this manner of execution by immurement among a lot of people, especially in southeastern Europe due to superstitious beliefs arising from cases of bad luck in which buildings and bridges collapse inexplicably for no apparent reason at all. This short story can be better understood if viewed within the times it was written. It was a time of frenetic construction activities since this period coincided with rise of Industrial Revolution in which men and machines were able to build at a much greater pace. However, a superstition prevails in which a human sacrifice is sometimes needed to make the construction a success, and this gave rise to the various urban legends about immurement. This may partly explain the popularity of The Cask of Amontillado when it was published in 1846. Personal conflict – the protagonist and the antagonist in this short story engaged in a conflict that was personal in nature. In Montresor, as the storys narrator and also its criminal, author Poe implied some motive to his crime but it was not stated clearly what the reason was. The motive was vague and Poe merely left it to the readers to

A Scene in a Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

A Scene in a Film - Essay Example The anatomy of a scene is what comes in to separate the great film into becoming one that is amended in the collective consciousness of a person. Right from the outside looking in, a film comprises of a collection of many scenes that are subject to tie together. Several things help in elevating a film into becoming memorable. These may include having a great concept, a great cast, and a great screenplay. As a film writer, one requires to look at the collective scenes with objectivity and be able to know how he or she would tie it all together, thus be able to turn what may seem to be a loose connection of scenes into becoming a story. A great scene, from an individual view, is one that has the potential of highlighting itself to become the film’s greatest moment, together with having the ability to implement all the movie-making skills. This may entail employing the use of music, camera movements, acting, scripting, among many other defining roles. The key ingredient that defines a great film scene is having a striking and a cinematically beautiful image. In order to look at a movie from a critical perspective, there is a need for learning a little bit of the tools that filmmakers use in creating their products. Compared to the state of studying literature, one would require learning more about the methods of identifying similes, metaphors, and symbols. However, when it comes to studying literature, there is a need for identifying the cinematic techniques and theatrical elements and be able to learn how they may affect the audiences. These cinematic elements may include aspects of framing, angle, and camera movements while taking a shot, together with the sound and editing entailed in a film. The theatrical elements may entail aspects like costumes, props, sets, and the acting choice.  

The implication of diversity on human resource, organization,and Research Paper

The implication of diversity on human resource, organization,and stakeholders - Research Paper Example The main point to be noticed here is that numbers of minorities within the workforce who are qualified and educated have increased and this makes it compulsory for the organizations to attract, hire and recruit member of the workforce who are recognized as minority. Research has been conducted for several years and the results of these researches is that hiring individuals who represent the minority s not enough to achieve success and efficiency within the organization. Questions have even been raised against the effectiveness of the training programs of diversity implemented by organizations. Those organizations that fail to attain success in creating a diversified work environment have experienced the negative implications of diversity. Such events have been experienced by world’s top most organizations such as Wal-Mart and Coca-Cola (Samson 511). When organizations fail to integrate and attain diversity, they experience downsides such as law suits based on discrimination. T hose organizations that have been successful in integrating diversity have attained favorable results and rewards. The failure to achieve diversity and deal with diversity in an effective manner is a problematic situation for private firms and firms that contribute to the list of Fortune 500 companies. These issues have not even spared the public and the nonprofit sector which is already deeply concerned due to financial issues. These organizations are mostly held responsible for not spending money on the activities of human resource management such as training and development, hiring and retention. Problems will further elevate for these organizations as Baby Boomers will obtain retirement and a shortage in the workforce will be created. According to the conventional business case in the favor of diversity, organizations should manage their diverse workforce in an appropriate manner to attain competitive advantage over its competitors. This is very essential for organizations becau se the demographics of the workforce are changing on daily basis. According to Soni, during the period of 1990 the total workforce of US comprised of 73% white and 27% minority individuals, the statistics changed to 30% minority and 70% white individuals within a time frame of ten years (Soni, 2004) . This clearly shows that employers need to pay attention to the element of diversity as the minorities are becoming an integral part of the workforce. Various benefits of diversity have been realized by organizations, diversity helps an organization in achieving its aims and objectives. This happens because employees who belong to different cultures and society play a major ole in generation of ideas and solutions to issues experienced by organizations. Diversity will lead to creation of creative teams and creativity within teams will increase and this will lead to designing and development of creative products. Another major benefit of having a diversified workforce is that diverse wor kforce is able to attract diverse amount of customers (Champoux 30). Customers feel more relaxed and want to buy more from organizations that are able to understand what their needs and wants are. Diversified workforce is able to communicate with customers according to their cultural context which makes the customers feel comfortable as they are able to express their

Advance practice role Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Advance practice role - Essay Example 49); while according to Roussel, (2013), a nurse administrator is a qualified nurse who is registered and participates in management of health care delivery services and is a representative of nursing service. A nurse administrator works in different settings with entrepreneurial chances accessible in health care all over the health care area. Nurse administrator serves in the following settings: hospitals, home health care, skilled care, community health services, residential care and adult day care (p.29). On the other hand, a nurse executive is a registered nurse whose aim is to give leadership within the workplace (American Organization of Nurse Executive, 2005). Their role is in the ability and capacity to lead organizations based on leadership ability (American Nurses Credentialing Center, 2014). The nurse executive has the chance of molding the future of professional practice in a working place by providing opportunities where staff nurses and managers to have best input into organizational decision making in regards to the future. According to Yoder-wise (2014), the nurse executive facilitates making of an objective and goals of the future

In what sense are media audiences (a) active and (b) powerful Discuss Essay

In what sense are media audiences (a) active and (b) powerful Discuss with reference to the strengths and weaknesses of 'active audience' theory - Essay Example genre, subject matter, style), e) by time (e.g. primetime or daytime) Audiences originate both in society and in media and their contents: either people stimulate an appropriate supply of content, or the media attract people to the content they offer. To create the media audiences, we consider audience as often brought into being by some new technology as in the invention of film, radio or television or attracted by other channels such as newspaper or radio. Through the media source, the audience is thereby defined. (Mcquail’s Mass Communication Theory p.396) No one could possibly wrong to say that one cannot finish a day without encountering the media in any form. You may wake up to the sound of the radio, play an MP3 on your way to school, read billboards in the street and watch television or DVD movies in the evening. We are all therefore part of the audience if in any other way we experience such activities. In the early times, the media is used to persuade people to buy products through advertising, or to follow politicians through their propaganda. There have also been fears that the contents of media texts can make their audiences behave in different ways- become more violent for example. The effect of media to audience is highly influential. As agents of knowledge, the media is transforming its audience. (Hartley, 2007.). The ‘media’ that we think of today are actually the latest inventions. To go back through centuries and decades, things like computers, television, film, and photography would have seemed impossible to olden days. One hundred years ago is what we call the pre-media times where people made their own sort of entertainment such as reading, watching plays, or simply stroll around a park and mingle with some people getting some fresh air. Today, media has evolved in a great extent. The effect on the audience can be positive and negative. Theatre-sized audiences are accommodated so that

English literature 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

English literature 2 - Essay Example The story mainly explores the themes of control and women subjugation in the ill-fated society. The complex ways in which Sons of Jacob control the Gilead’s people and the ways anti-feminism is indoctrinated throughout the story are analyzed in detail. The narrative provides a clear view of the ways feminism has gone awry in the near future with the rise of patriarchy which in-turn was controlled by the religious totalitarianism. Set in the near future, the dystopian world is marked with rigid laws and women subjugation by a totalitarian Christian theocracy called Sons of Jacob. After the assassination of the president, a group of Right-wing fundamentalists take control of the entire State through a military coup and establishes the Republic of Gilead. The state was founded with the desire to restrict freedom and control every aspects of the society. â€Å"The Gilean government maintains its power by means of surveillance, suppression of information, ‘re-education’ centers, and totalitarian violence†.1 Owing to the pollution and radiation, the society sees a steep increase in sterility among men and women, which declines the birth-rates to dangerous level. Because of the declining birth rates, the oppressive puritan government of Gilead focuses on increasing its population by recruiting handmaids to repopulate the state. Offred was assigned to bear children for the Commander and his wife, Serena Joy, an elite couple who have trouble conceiving. The freedom of Offred is completely restricted by the totalitarian government. â€Å"Offred in The Handmaids Tale is victimized by a totalitarian system that attempts to control her thoughts and deny her humanity†.2 She is allowed to leave the house only for shopping trips and her monthly doctor visits. Even when she is away from home, her every public move is watched by the Eyes, Gilead’s secret police force. She is

Idea Initiation In A Young Company

Idea Initiation In A Young Company Making the business plan has been a great hands on experience to learning about small business development. We were not only required to study theories on how a business is created but actually do it ourselves. For me it has been a great learning experience as I had to make a decision to think like an entrepreneur and develop the qualities an entrepreneur has and incorporate the qualities of creativity, drive and a willingness to take risk. The aim of the below report is to summarize my contribution to this project as well as the key areas of idea initiation, teamwork, presentation experience, alternative scenarios and learning gained as well as other areas covered in the development of the business plan. Teamwork All three team members contributed to make this project successful and worked together to create an efficient team. Idea Initiation After several sessions of brainstorming the group decided on a Business and technology magazine under the guidance of Mrs Priti Punatar through the process of identifying opportunity by means of problem solving. Presentation Experience A learning experience about time management, public presentation and the importance of thoroughly understanding the business venture an individual wants to undertake as well as understanding the involvement of investors in the entrepreneurial process. Alternative Scenario Consideration of both best and worst case scenarios allows BT to prudently predict steady growth rate. Team Work A new venture team is defined as the group of founders, key employees and advisors that moves a new venture from an idea to a fully functioning firm and so with our team it was the case of bringing together people with different abilities and strengths to create a strong unified force to achieve the objective of making a successful business plan. Each individual brought their own individual set of skills and played a different role in the planning and execution of the business plan. Our team was formed keeping in mind the strengths of its members and tasks were delegated accordingly. Priyanka who is good with numbers did the financial plan as well as the marketing plan, Krupa who has the strongest organizational skills dealt with the organizational structure and risk analysis and I was delegated the task of Industry analysis due to my research skills as well as the operational plan. Initially our team consisted of four members; Priyanka, Krupa, myself and Joyce Issowe who later dropped out due to medical complications. Working efficiently in a team is a key success factor for anyone who wants to be a successful entrepreneur as he/she will be required to meet with and bring together a venture team to work with. We were very lucky in that, although our team involved the coming together of three highly opinionated individuals all were willing to listen and respect the others opinions which allowed us to come up with the best viable solutions in a dignified manner. In my opinion, each individual within the team worked efficiently to ensure the success of the team. The executive summary, the business and appendices were completed with hard work from all the three team members equally. All In all, every team member put in the required effort, all meetings were attended in time and all our planned goals were reached Process of Idea Initiation In this most fundamental process our first and basic concern was to come up with a firm that would be entrepreneurial in nature as opposed to being salary substitute or lifestyle oriented. The business had to be feasible, innovative and we needed to have both the passion and knowledge required for it. Initially through the process of brainstorming our group had a number of business concepts to go with. Joyce had suggested a dairy farm, Krupa suggested a school for performance arts, Priyanka suggested an engineering consultancy and my own suggestion was a web based real estate firm. By the process of elimination using our checklist we realized that a dairy farm wasnt innovative enough, we didnt have the expertise required for an engineering consultancy and the market wasnt ready yet for a web based real estate venture or a school for performing arts. As the foundation of any successful business lies in recognizing opportunity, we decided to speak with a few people, in our social network, involved in different industries whilst researching the trends in various fields and industries. Finally under the supervision of Mrs. Punatar, we decided to work on a business and technology magazine that would be the first of its kind to be produced in Tanzania. Due to the growth in the economy and changing social factors such as more graduates entering the labour market and increasing diversity the need for information had arisen and there was a lack of a locally produced business magazine. We realized the window of opportunity was wide open and circumstances were just right. Therefore our business concept came about; A business and technology magazine for Tanzanians, by Tanzanians. Through this process I learnt that opportunity needs to be defined, timely, attractive and of value to the end user. I learnt also to identify opportunity through observing trends, finding a gap in the marketplace and solving a problem. Apart from this I saw how economic and social factors account for the creation of opportunities and how different characteristics such as prior experience, creativity and social networks help entrepreneurs and finally I learnt to apply the 5 steps of generating creative ideas as well as the different techniques involved such as brainstorming and surveys. Presentation Experience Important factors considered by investors in their decision making process include determining that the company has focus, specific solutions for the needs of the market, that customers are willing to buy the product and that the dynamics of the company are strong. They need to know that the company is run by smart people who can control expenses and make a profit. If expected to invest, they in turn need to trust the management team running the business in terms of their experience, maturity, reputation as well as a track record of success and personal interaction therefore is a must. Also investors cannot be expected to have the time to sit down and go through lengthy documents, they want to get instant answers for any concerns or queries. The process of crafting the slides to be presented, and ensuring the presentation would cover all essential areas whilst summarizing the entire business concept, was a challenging one that taught me about time management, extraction of essential information from available data and the involvement of visuals to convey essential points. All three members of the group presented the plan in parts with me introducing the business, the problem we aimed to solve and our business model. Krupa then took over and covered management team, industry analysis and competition leaving Priyanka to finish the financial overview including; share offering, payback, profitability, break even analysis and current status and projected use of funds ending with exit strategy for investors. Crucial lessons were learnt during this presentation about capturing and retaining the interest and attention of our potential investors, maintaining the set time limit as well as the importance of confidence and a deep understanding of the business venture. Alternative Scenario The success of any business is dependent on external as well as internal conditions. Internal factors are easier to control and predict relative to the external factors. With regards to external conditions, there is always some degree of uncertainty. In order to be prudent all figures taken within the business plan have reflected a pessimistic view of the worst case scenario. In order to achieve this and to reflect alternative scenarios that may arise due to unpredictable factors the revenue included in the business plan is less than that actually expected by investors. Due to the unpredictability of Macro-environmental factors the number of subscriptions has been kept at minimum and the advertising revenue included is less than what the firm will target to achieve. Another relevant point concerns the break even analysis. To keep alternative scenarios in mind, both best and worst case of total revenue have been considered whilst the figure taken for cost has been kept at maximum in line with the accounting principle of prudence. This allows investors to be comfortable to know that the minimum success will be as presented in the business plan with an additional potential for greater growth. Business partnerships have also been taken into account in order reflect alternate means to achieve a target. This can be seen as in the outsourcing of printing to keep costs low as well as the establishment of a network of free lance contributors. Figures for costs and budget in the analysis of the financial statements have also been calculated after the consideration of the alternative growth scenarios and B%T therefore is expected to have steady growth as a worst case scenario where the best case reflects a quicker point of break even and higher profitability. Learning and Usefulness of the Business Plan The experience of coming up with a business plan opened up my eyes on the many aspects that are necessary to be considered whilst starting up a business. Extensive research is required together with knowledge of the industry. I have realized that an entrepreneur must have a clear vision on how exactly his company will work and perform. Before making a business plan myself I had no idea of how important it is. This document includes all research and analysis showing feasibility of a new venture and how all the different resources needed may be brought together synergetically. In developing a business plan it becomes necessary to look at every single aspect of the business and it therefore provides a clear picture of whether a new venture is likely to succeed or fail. The business plan analyses the potential of turning an idea into a source of revenue and in so doing answers the question of viability, industry attractiveness and growth, size and buying power of target market, attractiveness and uniqueness of the business model, availability of skilled labour, completion, ROI, legality and critical risks. It can be stated therefore that it is a critical document providing answers to investors for them to make an informed decision on whether or not to turn a particular idea into a business venture. This process has taught me a lot. I learnt to apply Porters 5 forces model in considering substitutes, new entrants, existing rivalry, bargaining power of buyers and suppliers as this was necessary in order to determine the attractiveness and profitability of the industry and position our firm where we could make maximum profit. In carrying out competitor analysis I understood the type of competitors BT would face and was therefore able to develop strategies to allow the firm to compete successfully for example, establishment of BTs brand before the emergence of future competitors. Through the next step of developing a business model we had to apply what we learnt in class to create an effective model for BT as was the case with applying knowledge on financial analysis and the value of pro forma statements, forecasts and budgets to determining success of the new venture. I also learnt how to develop a successful marketing mix through looking at the issue of core product versus actual product. All in all this process has shown me that a business plan is the most important tool needed in the entrepreneurial process as is incorporates within it everything any stakeholder would need to know about the viability of the idea and its conversion to a business venture.

Organizational commitment of employee

Organizational commitment of employee The theory relating to employee commitment to his organization has received increasing popularity as it will help the company to retain more staff and thereby increase in performance, productivity and profitability. Commitment of staff is important for several reasons, it will ultimately reduce employee turnover. Highly committed employees will tend to work for efficiently than less committed employees with more job satisfaction. Commitment of employees is a better indicator of effectiveness of an organization. Organizational commitment can be referred to as an individuals identification with and involvement in the specific company. It can be characterised by a minimum of three indicators such as Acceptance of the company goals and values. Secondly ability and willingness to contribute considerable effort to attain that goals and values and finally strong desire to continue with the company. The nature of the job is playing a vital role in organizational commitment. Though several studies are conducted relating orgainzational commitment and Job design employee productivity and performance many aspects of the subject are still not covered. Attitude of employees or the motivation to work in relation with job satisfaction and organizational commitment are important in the field of human resource management and organizational behaviour perspective. Employee attitude has a direct impact on all aspects of business. Organizational commitment concentrates on total interest of the employee towards the organization rather than work. There is a relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction, commitment leads to job satisfaction however most studies treat commitment and satisfaction differently. Managers and consultants across the globe believe that a company cannot achieve it aims and objectives without enduring commitment from all staff of the organization. Employee motivation is a key element that determine the degree of commitment towards work. This include all the elements that create sustain and channelize human behaviour to a particular direction called work. Motivation is assumed as a good thing one cannot feel to be a good situation if one is not motivated enough. Organizational behaviour is a large concept of management that studies how people act in an organization. Management can use scientific theories regarding behavioural practise to effectively improve their relation with employees and improve overall objectives of the organization. Organizational behaviour is an interdisciplinary subject that include ideas and research from human behaviour and interaction. Organizational Commitment Organizational commitment is a bond which linking its employees to the company or organization. In United States employees are less committed to organizations than in Japan or elsewhere in Asia. It is common that some employees shows much commitment and acceptance to the goals and values of the company and they also shows a strong desire to maintain the membership in the organization. Meyer and Allen (1997) call this form of commitment to the organization affective commitment. Another group of employees displays characteristics of normative ways of commitment (Wiener,1982). According to Wiener this groups of staff does not show or develop a very strong emotional attachment or commitment to the organization. How ever employees who has higher levels of these types of commitment continues to work hard and with good productivity. This is because of a total influence of their cultural, philosophy, family and organizational ethics than direct their behaviour. A third section of employees remain in the organization not because of any loyalty or commitment to the organization but because they have no other alternative job available or if they invested too much in the company that they cant leave. According to Meyer and Allen this take the form of tenure, status, retirement benefit, and some other form of benefits. The third form of organizational commitment presented orig inally by Becker in 1960 is referred to as continuance commitment. Meyer investigated some of the factors leading to the decision of an individual to join in an organization and their resultant commitment. The more the employee can match his qualities and skills with the job and its environment the better his job satisfaction and the better his commitment as well. A number of studies shows that organization commitment can predicts many variables such as absenteeism, organizational citizenship, performance and turnover. A primary aspect of organizational commitment can be extra role behaviour. This means employees go beyond their job specifications and done some thing extra. Most of the managements appreciate initiatives by the employees, this shows their commitment and positive attitude to the company. But few of the management professionals argue that job descriptions can effective describe all the aspects of the work of an employee. Organizational commitment resulted in more positive outcomes, it reduces absenteeism and it improves and promotes job satisfaction. Many firms changing from simple work systems to highly motivating high commitment work systems that needs high discretion, motivation with less supervision from management. It involves more roles to employees so that their creativity and working efficiency would improve, this leads t o high performance and job satisfaction. While studying about organizational commitment various factors should be taken in to account. Some of this factors include age, gender and longevity of services of the employee, and Human resource management practices followed within the organization and organizational characteristics. Strategies of motivating Employees Salary: Salary can be one of the most successful factor influencing motivation and job satisfaction. For using salary as motivation factor managers must consider several factors such as job rate, personal allowances, length of service, performance, personal traits etc. Incentives: Money has the power to attract and retain. Giving various types of incentives will keep staff motivated and better committed to the organization. Basically every staff is working for some sort of financial benefit, so the monetary benefit paid to the employees should be adequately cover their standard of living and competitive enough in the industry otherwise employee turnover will be higher for the company and the existing employees will not be motivated, instead frustrated employees cause reduced commitment to the organization. So management must take sufficient interest and care to maintain their employees with good pay and incentives it will help to improve organizational commitment. Staff training : This is an important motivational factor for all the organizations It is an indispensable strategy for motivating employees. This will give information with latest development and technologies in their respective field of work. So that the employees will feel confident and equipped with new strength to work more effectively and scientifically, ultimately it will increase motivation and productivity. Information and communication: Availability of information regarding the consequences of ones action on others help to keep employees motivated. Local and national culture and its influences on attitude towards work positive attitude towards work leads to resilience It means the strength to quickly relieve from adverse conditions or failure. If one person is viewing failure as a learning opportunity rather than blaming themselves or others they can soon come out of the failure and be able to successful in a short span of time. Optimism: Through optimistic approach one can attain success in life and profession. You will be able to influence the world and there by becoming successful in whatever you doing. Because of these features every employees should develop an optimistic approach to whatever he is doing in the organization. It will help to develop organizational commitment and better motivation. Confidence: Confidence coming out of optimistic approach. If you are confident you believe in yourself and are ready to undertake new challenges. Confident employees is an asset to the organization and they will help to improve motivation not only to themselves but also all the people related to them with their work so the entire organization will keep motivated and better performance will be the result. Creativity Positive attitudes are key to forward thing and there by innovation. Without all these qualities no one will be able to try and implement new business ideas. Conflict resolution: In modern world every person is going through lot of interest conflict with one another. Conflict resolution is one of the major qualities needed to survive. A positive attitude towards ones work and company will increase a workers efficiency to conflict resolution. Emotional intelligence: It is the ability or skill to manage ones emotions and to control behaviour. Emotional intelligence include personal competence such as self awareness, self regulation and self motivation and social competence such as social skills and social awareness. Achievement drives: Positive attitude towards work also increase achievement drive. Motivation: Motivation and positive attitude towards work go hand in hand. Management Philosophy and Organizational Commitment in Retail Industry: In India there a more than 100 very big retail malls are operating and a number of retail centers are under development. The developers are not worried about the retailers and they are not doing anything towards the promotional side of these malls, but in many other countries especially in Europe this is not the case. As a result the branding, marketing, budgeting and the financial side of running profitably of these retail centers professionally has much scope in developing countries. The retailers are simply treated as a means of exploiting cash for the development of properties and townships instead of treating them as integral part of such centers. The space available for business is also in an increasing trends so lot of possibilities for new and existing retails organizations to come and explore the vast expanding markets. They can make better results if they focus on scalability, vision and by making a better brand development. The major challenges facing by most of the retailers are narrow margins, high cost in terms of rent and operating expenses, unpredictable and unreliable supply chains, competitive pressure etc. These factors affect not only their profitably but the very existence as well. As retail industry grows this competition become more vigorous so that management of retail sector needs much professional skills and qualifications. Professional retails managers can come to this and there are immense scope for them. They must have the ability to understand these business challenges and also have the ability to manage all the aspects of the business. The type of customers who usually visit these type of shopping malls include focused buyers and impulse buyers. Focused buyers spent little time inside as compared to impulse buyers. Their shopping will completed quickly as they know what to buy. But in the case of impulse buyers they spend more time for window shopping. Shopping centers with entertainment zones and or promotional activities have more impulse buyers. The management of these shopping centers become critical to attract impulse buyers as they can do lot towards promotional activities so that customers will be attracted. Managing retail centers is bit different from event management or simply facility management. The key elements which are taken in to account include Positioning, Zoning, promotions and marketing, facility management such as footfalls, ambience, infrastructure and finance management. Lack of market research is a major problem for retail management. With regard to the nature of the retail labour market it is highly not organised. Many people with good educational qualifications and job experience are available to place in retail management. The success of a retail section is highly depending on the sales personnels. A sales man must know about each and every aspect of the item he going to sell to the buyer. What type of customers they are going to serve and what they want and what are their expectations and the market competitions and prices and the alternative products available as substitutes. It is important to know about the alternative products as well otherwise the sales personals would find sometimes difficult for the buyers to convince about their products. Labour market for retail management is also depend on demographic trends and seasonality, population and unemployment etc. Unemployment is a major factor determining the availability of labour for the retail market. If the unemployment is higher more workforce is available to deploy in retail sectors. People will accept generally any types of job as a means of livelihood if they have no other job. But if the unemployment rate are low it is difficult for the retail sales sector to attract enough number of staff with low cost and in good time. This is because people with education and skills will prefer to work in more better sectors of employment and with good companies having some sort of brand value. Population is also a major factor affecting the labour market. The age group of population is very important , where in a society the percentage of population with more youngsters have more availability of personnels not only to retail sector but also for any sectors of the labour market. Demographic changes and the availability of labour market imbalance is often a complex issue. Migration of population to different regions within the country and to foreign countries affect the labour market. With regard to retail labour force this change is is significant. If more and more people are migrated to certain regions of the country in some parts of the country there will be unemployment and in other side there is labour shortages as well. This is also true with inter country migration as well. For this reason many countries bring some sort of regulation for migration. So that they can protect and regulate their labour market according to the needs of their respective economies. Seasonality is also affecting the labour market to a great extent. Seasonality of demand is the key which determining the demand of labour force to any industry. In tourism industry this factor plays a major role. All the countries affected by this factor, in seasons with high flow of tourists the market needs more and more employees. The retail sector is also not exemption for this. Retail management is responsible for running retail outlets and thereby managing targets and profits of a company. It is the duty of the retail manager to ensure that effective sales promotional activities are carried out at minimum possible costs. Retail managers are also responsible for customer satisfaction as well because they are the people who have first hand information about customers. They are ensuring that staff are fully meeting the companys standards. Managing the store include many important points to taken into consideration. The store manage will need to learn not only how to select the most ambitious candidate but also how to train them and keep them motivated and controlling every aspects of the job. Depending on the size and structure of the business the company management can allocated different functions such as marketing, logistics, information technology, customer service, and human resources to the retail managers. The work of a retail manager can include the following; Motivating the sales team to maximise sales Managing stock which include deciding and controlling re ordering levels and thereby ensuring sufficient commodities are available all the time. Analysing sales amounts and there by forecasting sales. It will help top management to fix targets for the future. Staffing issues such as interviewing and selection. Conducting performance appraisals and reviews and prepare reports. Provide organization training and development Effective use of information technology within the store to record sales trends and customer behaviour Organising special events and promotions to maximise sales Collect data regarding trends in markets and customer initiatives and analysing competitor activities. Make frequent visits to sales floor updating and resolving any relevant issues Take initiative in changes such as new schedule in working hours in accordance with seasons and customer needs. Take care of health and safety and related issues. Updating colleagues on market information and business performance. Promoting a business locally by doing liaison activities with local authorities and organizations Respond to customer complaints and suggestions. Customer satisfaction and in store experience: measuring customer satisfaction is key for a successful retail management. Customer satisfaction can be measured in terms of repeated sales, and better relations with customers. Consumer satisfaction is a response, it may be emotional or cognitive in relation to a particular product used, expectations or consumption experience which happens in a specific time. Labour Turnover Staff turn over is an ongoing problem in any industry resulting in implication over employee morale, production, organizational policies etc. Unfortunately in many of the companies in retail industry the Labour turn over is very high. In order to reduce staff turn over it is inevitable to identify factors leading to job frustration and low morale and resulting in low organizational commitment there by increasing employee turn over.The main factors affecting the labour turn over are demographical trends includes population and immigration etc. seasons, economic conditions, environmental factors, political factors national and state and local political influences are a considerable factors affecting labour turn over in any business. All these factors are inter related and organizational culture may directly or indirectly affect staff turn over. Pay and other benefits: In developing countries the salaries in retail sector is very low. The nature of the labour market is largely non organised and lack of effective legislations to ensure workers well being is also a major factor towards this. In developed countries minimum wages is ensured by law so that employment opportunities for every body is fair and justifiable. As for example in United Kingdom with legislation of minimum pay Act every one get the legal minimum wages for working in every sector. Truly speaking the sections most benefited from this legislation is the workers in retail sector and other people who working in the agricultural sector etc. Training and development: There is a large need for training and development in retail sector. Large chunks of the staff are given little or no training at all. A reason may be high employee turnover, because if companies are investing good sums in training and development and if the employees are changing frequently it is a loss of money for the organization. An Analysis of Management Practices and commitment In China As elsewhere in the world in China also organizational commitment is characterized by an attitude of attachment to an employer and organization. There are many factors contributing to then development of organizational commitment and the influence on job attitude. Some antecedents to commitment can be split into personal characteristics and factors arising out of situations. Personal characteristics include age, gender and employment tenure. Second set of factors include company specific situations such as working environment, management attitudes, remuneration packages and all other factors affecting motivation and work of an employee. Because of the increase in production and industrial facilitates in china there is much to explore about the similarities of studies that conducted in the western countries in relation to China. Gender: Chinese people have much egalitarian attitude towards women in the work place compared to European countries and America. After the cultural revolution both men and women are expected to play equal roles in work and society. Since China is a more communistic approach there are limitations to change employment. That means in China situations are not easy for workers compared to Europe. There is more social anchoring in China. As a result of this egalitarian and communistic society there is limited skill transferability, increased commitment to work, lowered educational and technical skills opportunity and sufficiency. Age and Tenure: In studies concentrated on the United States revealed that age and the member of years service in a particular company can influence the organizational commitment. As one person gets older the relocation tendencies get reduced and while personal investment and attachment to the organization gets increased. So the more tenure one employee has with his organization the more will be his organizational commitment to the company. In China age would cause lower number of work alternative, more anchoring in community, low attractive for re location, low educational skills development and transferability, and therefore continuance commitment would be more. Educational: Researchers have found that people with higher education would have more commitment. It is found that workers having high levels of qualifications may have higher expectations and they are more committed to their occupation at the same time they have more scope to choose other jobs and they can easily relocate compared to employees with lower qualification their continence commitment may be low. Chinese valued education highly, In a traditionalistic communistic society each person contribute in accordance with their skills and qualities. Higher levels of education also reflect in greater degrees of behavioural commitment as well. In modern Chinese society there is greater mobility and opportunities to move around in private sectors. Situational Factors: Situational factors are the second major component of organizational commitment These factors include components that connected to the work and employees experiences and specific features of their organization. There are many organizational characteristics that can positively influence commitment. For example the more better an organization can present the achievement of its goals and objectives the degrees of commitment it can attract from its employees. The organizational effectiveness questionnaire will demonstrate the achievement of the objectives of an organization in the views of the employees and their anticipated commitment to the organization. I modern China as well a organization with good achievement and positive relationship with employees have a relatively higher degree of employee commitment. Leadership Behaviours Those work experiences that occurring while working in an organization related with na role in decision making or collecting thinking can have an effect in organizational commitment. Leadership behaviour and participative decision making have an impact on organizational commitment. Leadership behaviour include behaviour connected with productivity, managerial aspects such as planning, co ordination, discipline, clarification and problem solving etc. It is expected that these types of behavioural pattern will be predictive of organizational commitment. Management practices and Organizational Commitment in Korean Culture. Korea share common oriental culture with its neighbouring states whilst maintaining its own identity. Their unique culture combined with the geo political environment of the Korea resulted in a specific management culture different from their counterparts in other countries. Since the 1960s Korean companies achieved a good deal of economic growth and their management style played a major role in this regard. Everybody connected to the organization owners, top executives, managers, supervisors and workers are all integral part of the process and they al perform well their assigned duties. The unique feature here is performance. Regarding the external system of the organization the support from government is important. No organization can perform long term without suitable government policies. In Korea particularly the role of government is prominent and in return for this the government is expecting some favours from the industry. For economic growth the government and industry acts as supplementary and complementary relationship. Efficient use of human resource is key to success. Korean people are peace loving by nature and hard working. Koreans hate bloodshed and violent demonstrations. There were some incidents of violence but compared to the rest of the world in Korea this type of incidents are rare. This is a feature of the Korean culture and many of their specific charcetiscs and Korean management system and their culture are inte related. Japan occupied Korea from 1910 to the end of world war II so some of the management systems of Japan also influence Koreans. The features of Korean management system also include consensus decision making, Life time employment, very strong loyalty and commitment to the employer, personalistic approach, male domination, harmony etc are also can be seen in Japanese management system. The hierarchical order of power within the organization are also sharing common characteristics with Japanese management style. In Japan a decision is not taken until every one agrees to the agenda, this is consensus in decision making according to Japanese culture. This is similar to Korean concept as well. For example a project proposal drafted by a lower division employee is circulated throughout the company hierarchy and reviewed and suggestions are included according to consensus. The company president affix his signature only after all this process so that there is no room for ambiguity and the project proposal aims and objectives and advantages are clear to everyone and the document will be a legitimate one. To implement such a project will be very easy, the co-operation from all levels of employees are guaranteed and the proposal will be a success. The life style Koreans had practised was different from the rest of the world till the 1960s. Their geographic territory is surrounded by big powers like China, Russia and Japan. Because of this reason their military power was not developed because most of the times they were under the umbrella of China. There was no use to develop huge logistic systems for military activities which will help merchant also to flourish. So the business and trade were also not developed and the people depend on agriculture largely for lively hood. The business class did not have much interests in the country because there was no scope for them in a much agricultural society. But after 1960s Koreans gained much improvements in their industrial and business sectors and the management style followed by Koreans also got much popularity. Japan on the other hand was a military power in the past as well so also they had relations with another countries than Korea. Organizational Commitment and Job Practices in Japan In Japan the commitment to the organization is more because of Japanese culture and their willingness and dedication to work. Employees turn over figures shows that in America the turnover rate is almost double when compare Japanese workers. This because in Japan The commitment to the organization is more. An employees commitment is characterised by at least three factors. They are willingness to hard work, desire to remain with the organization, a strong belief and acceptance of the organizations goals and objectives. Because of these commitment in organization is more with Japanese workers their productivity is also very high compared to their U.S counterparts. In Japanese culture education is highly valued. For getting a job in a reputed company in Japan the candidate must studied in top rated colleges and universities. This is the case with prestigious companies other candidates who did not able to secure admissions in top rated colleges usually satisfied with small and medium sized firms which cannot offer comparatively higher amounts of salary and other perquisites. Another prominent feature of Japanese management is permanent employment or life time employment. Permanent employment covers only minority of the total work force that work for big companies. Usually employees are recruited directly from campuses and after the probationary period employees are not usually dismissed except on serious misconduct. The candidates can continue in the company for their entire career. This is a specific feature found in Japanese companies but in Eorpoe or America this type of management practices is not general. Since most of the companies practising life time employment inter company mobility is not possible for professional managers because most of the roles are promoted by the company internally. So the selection of most talented employees becomes critical. In Japanese system of management rather than individualism collective behaviour and decision making and team spirit is important. Individual interests should he subjugated to group in order to maintain tem spirit. The concept of quality circle used to enchance productivity and quality widely used in Japanese companies is an example of tem spirit oriented approach. Active Company Unions are also a prominent feature of Japan. Company union is different from trade union in this case the company is closely related with the union and company has much influence on the union. Company unions are independent and not affiliated with trade unions. The proposers of company unions are claiming that they are mores closer to the employees in their problems and they are solving the problems keeping in mind of the companys profitability and at the same time protecting the employees interests as well. Where as trade union are more dangerous and influenced by politicians with vested interests behind them. Strikes are usually rare. Every employee of the company have to join the company union. In some countries for example in the United States company unions are outlawed by the government. Opponents of company unions are in opinion that company unions are actually a shield against trade unions while they claim that they are protecting the employees interests they actually standing for the company first so the genuine interests of employees may be ignored. Managerial Style in Japanese companies give much importance for the bottom level. Every levels of management is open to suggestions from their subordinates. Middle level management collects and evaluates feed back from lower levels and pass it on to the top management. Managers are getting their hands dirty to understand the trouble with working in low levels and acquire the skills and problem solving capacities. Informations are always passing from top level management to lower levels and vise versa. So that every one in the company is keep updating with what is happening with the company at all times. It is key to the company for maintaining commitment and motivation among the employees and attaining higher productivi

Essay --

â€Å"Knowledge is Power.† When people are asked what the key to success in life is, a few things come to their mind: being charismatic, being born into a wealthy family and knowing the right people, have a high paying job, or just plain luck. Although all of the above are true, the true key to success is knowledge. To have knowledge is to have options is to have power. Illiteracy is derived from the lack of knowledge or awareness from people. To eradicate the social divide and economic decline people must first be informed of the causes and effects of illiteracy to draw an affective solution. The impending threats to global infrastructure are not economic collapse, terrorism, climate changes, overpopulation, poverty, or even lack of fossil fuels; it is a deeper and simpler threat- illiteracy, (Top Ten List). The estimated cost of global economy is USD 1.19 trillion dollars. One-fifth of the world is suffering with illiteracy, which means there are more than 796 million people who unable to read or write, (Cree, Kay, and Steward). This large number can be attributed to many causes such as attitudes towards learning, geographical factors, disabilities, and gender bias, (Nayak). Problems are present in third world countries as well as first world countries. These people are â€Å"trapped in a cycle of poverty with limited opportunities for employment or income generation,† (Cree, Kay, and Steward). This cycle of poverty leads to other problems such as crime, dependence on welfare, health issues, unemployment or debt. Illiterate people earn about â€Å"30%-40% less than literate counterparts,† (Cree, Kay, and Steward). The income they make stays consistent throughout their lives. On the other hand, literate people make 2 or 3 times more than wha... ... affects economy because of lost profitability and productivity, (Cree, Kay, and Steward). Constantly having to fix mistakes and losing potential customers are an opportunity cost from having illiterate employees. The cost of finding a skilled staff to fix issues is very difficult for smaller businesses. Illiterate employees make communication harder and often miscommunicate causing internal problems. Illiteracy â€Å"costs a developed nation 2% of its GDP, an emerging economy 1.2% of GDP, and a developing country 0.5% of GDP,† (Cree, Kay, and Steward). Illiteracy limits the ability to access, comprehend, and apply health related issues thus resulting in a household with poor personal hygiene and nutrition. Illiterate people are trapped in a â€Å"cycle of poverty† and are more likely to turn to a life of crime and depend on social welfare and charity, (Cree, Kay, Steward).

This above all, to thine own self be true: Truth versus Self in Hamle

Truth versus Self in Hamlet by William Shakespeare "This above all, to thine own self be true" (Act I scene 3 line 78) as expressed in Shakespeare's Hamlet, Prince of Denmark is a philosophical idea that strips away moral standards, accountability, and that selflessness is evidence of true love, as taught by Jesus Christ. Professor Sir Walter Murdoch writes in The Policy of Polonius, "As a matter of fact, of course, the lines are nonsense, and Shakespeare was well aware that they are nonsense; he puts them in the mouth of a garrulous old gentleman who spends most of his time talking nonsense" *http://home.pacific.net.au/~morrisqc/Murdoch/Polonius.htm*. The characters of Hamlet and Laertes live by this faulty philosophy and form defective character traits that ultimately lead them to death. The same can be said for Alfred in O'Neill's Before Breakfast, he follows a different path using the same philosophical ideals and ultimately ends up serving the same self centered desire. The assertion that somehow this philosophy can become stable with a sound individual falls short because it is without objective measurable standard. Left to our own self to decide what is good will always lead to a pantheistic view; one without hope, self-serving and motivated to satisfy any desire that we think is correct. Successful living depends on an established guide of moral standards, accountability, and selflessness. Hamlet, Laertes, and Alfred have set their hearts and minds to do just as they please without regard how their actions affect others and without regard to moral standards. Hamlet and Laertes have settled in their own mind that the way to find peace is through the death of the person that murdered their fathers.... ... revenge. The meek inherit the land" (Leithart). To thine own self be true? I think not. Be true to God and His commandments, His judgment, and the philosophy that I must lay down my life if I want to find it. Jesus said, "Most assuredly, I say to you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the ground and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it produces much grain. He who loves his life will lose it, and he who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life" (John 12:24-25 NKJ). Bibliography: Eliot, T.S., "The Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry and Criticism." Hamlet and His Problems Home Page 19 Nov. 2000 . Leithart, Peter J. "The Serpent Now Wears the Crown: A Typological Reading of Hamlet." Contra Mundum No. 11 Home Page 19 Nov. 2000 . Murdoch, Walter. "The Policy of Polonius". The Shakespeare Essays. Home Page 19 Nov. 2000 .

Famous People from West Virgina

Famous People from West Virginia Thomas â€Å"Stonewall† Jackson (1824-1863) Jackson was born in Clarksburg, West Virginia. He was a Confederate general and won at the First Battle of Bull Run during the Civil War. He was accidentally killed by one of his men at Chanvellorsville. Anna Jarvis (1864-1948) Jarvis was born in Grafton, West Virginia. She was a promoter who worked to make Mother's Day a nationally celebrated holiday. Morgan Morgan (1688-1766) Morgan was a pioneer and the first white settler in West Virginia. He built a log cabin near Bunker Hill. Mary Lou Retton (1968- )Retton was born in Fairmont, West Virginia, and was a gymnast. She won a gold medal for the best all-around gymnast performance in the 1984 Olympics and was the first American gymnast to win a medal since 1948. Cyrus Vance (1917- ) Vance was born Clarksburg, West Virginia, and was a diplomat. He represented President Johnson in Panama, Cyprus and in urban riot centers. He negotiated the release of th e USS Pueblo and its crew. Vance was the United States secretary of state from 1977-1981. Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) Washington grew up in Malden, West Virginia, and was and educator and reformer.He thought that blacks should work for education and employment instead of fighting social equality with whites. He founded the National Negro Business League. He wrote a book called Up. West Virginia Fun Facts West Virginia is the only state in the Union to have acquired its sovereignty by proclamation of the President of the United States. West Virginia is considered the southern most northern state and the northern most southern state. Mother’s Day was first observed at Andrews Church in Gafton on May 10, 1908. West Virginia has the oldest population of any state.The median age is 40. Jackson’s Mill is the site of the first 4-H Camp in the United States. The first federal prison exclusively for women in the United States was opened in 1926 in West Virginia. The New Ri ver Gorge Bridge near Fayetteville is the second highest steel arch bridge in the United States. The bridge is also the longest steel arch bridge (1,700 feet) in the world. Every October on Bridge Day, the road is closed and individuals parachute and bungee cord jump 876 feet off the bridge. It is West Virginia’s largest single day event and attracts about 100,000 people each year.The first major land battle fought between Union and Confederate soldiers in the Civil War was the Battle of Philippi on June 3, 1861. One of the nation’s oldest and largest Indian burial grounds is located in Moundsville. It is 69 feet high, 900 feet in circumference, and 50 feet high. An inscribed stone was removed from the vault and is on display at the Smithsonian Institute in Washington, D. C. The first rural free mail delivery was started in Charles Town on October 6, 1896, and then spread throughout the United States.A naval battle was fought in West Virginia waters during the Civil Wa r. United States armored steamers were actively engaged in the Battle of Buffington Island near Ravenswood on July 19, 1863. A variety of the yellow apple, the Golden Delicious, originated in Clay County. The original Grimes Golden Apple Tree was discovered in 1775 near Wellsburg. West Virginia has a mean altitude of 1,500 feet, giving it the highest average altitude east of the Mississippi. The first electric railroad in the world, built as a commercial enterprise, was constructed between Huntington and Guyandotte.William Tompkins used natural gas to evaporate salt brine in 1841, thus becoming the first person in the United States to use natural gas for industrial purposes. Bailey Brown, the first Union soldier killed in the Civil War, died on May 22, 1861, at Fetterman, Taylor County. Chester Merriman of Romney was the youngest soldier of World War I, having enlisted at the age of 14. The first brick street in the world was laid in Charleston, on October 23, 1870, on Summers Stree t, between Kanawha and Virginia Streets.